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A simplified in vitro test tube (TT) method was developed to estimate the percentage of available P in feed ingredients for swine. The entire digestion procedure with the TT method consists of three consecutive enzymatic digestions carried out in a 50-mL conical test tube: (1) Pre-digestion with endo-xylanase and beta-glucanase for 1 h, (2) peptic digestion for 2 h, and (3) pancreatic digestion for 2 or 4 h. The TT method is simpler and much easier to perform compared to the dialysis tubing (DT) method, because dialysis tubing is not used. Reducing sample size from 1.0 to 0.25 g for the TT method improved results. In conclusion, the accuracy and validity of the TT method is equal to that of our more complicated DT method (r = 0.97, P < 0.001), designed to mimic the digestive system of swine, for estimating the availability of P in plant-origin feed ingredients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0345907 | DOI Listing |
Med Eng Phys
October 2025
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Traditionally, clinical devices are designed, tested and improved through lengthy and expensive laboratory experiments and clinical trials [1]. More recently, computational methods have allowed for rapid testing, speeding up the design process and enabling far more complete searches of design space. While computational models cannot fully capture the complexities of biological systems, they provide valuable insights into crucial underlying mechanisms, such as the effects of fluid-structure interactions (FSIs).
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September 2025
Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Introduction: Pediatric endotracheal intubation is challenging due to airway anatomical differences. Accurate endotracheal tube (ETT) sizing is crucial for effective ventilation and preventing complications. Traditional age, weight, or height-based methods are often unreliable, leading to multiple attempts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZool Res
September 2025
Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, College of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan 473061, China.
Social hierarchies are central to the organizational structure of group-living species, shaping individual physiology, behavior, and social interactions. Dopaminergic (DA) systems, particularly within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), have been linked to motivation and competitive behaviors, yet their region-specific contributions to social dominance remain insufficiently defined. This study investigated the role of VTA and DR DA neurons in regulating social dominance in sexually naïve male C57BL/6J mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJDS Commun
September 2025
Dairy and Food Science Department, Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007.
The melting characteristics of cheese play a pivotal role in determining functional performance in various applications. Measuring the meltability and melting point of cheese is a challenge and requires sophisticated equipment, a laboratory setup, and personnel training, and the cost can be prohibitive. Over the years, many tests have been developed to determine the meltability or melting point of cheese.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Nurs Res
September 2025
Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a triad of therapies for patients: oxygen, nutrition, and patient positioning. In the progressive care units, patients were placed in a prone position while receiving continuous enteral nutrition (EN) to optimize healing and oxygenation. The study aimed to identify the rate of aspiration pneumonia in non-ventilated COVID-19 patients placed in a prone position while receiving continuous EN.
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