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Two nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of alkynes were instrumental in a modular, stereoselective synthesis of amphidinolide T1 (1). The C13-C21 fragment was prepared from two simple starting materials that were joined in a catalytic alkyne-epoxide fragment coupling operation, whereas an intramolecular aldehyde-alkyne reductive coupling simultaneously formed the final carbon-carbon bond of the macrocycle and established the C13 carbinol configuration with complete selectivity in the desired fashion.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja039716v | DOI Listing |
Mar Drugs
June 2025
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Polyketides (PKs) are a widespread class of secondary metabolites with recognised pharmacological properties. These molecules are abundantly produced in the marine environment, especially by dinoflagellate-photosynthetic organisms able to produce several PKs, including neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and immunomodulating agents. The biosynthesis of these compounds is driven by a conserved enzymatic process involving polyketide synthase complexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
May 2024
BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91400, Orsay, France.
Amphidinolides C, F, and U, including C2-C4 analogs, are highly cytotoxic marine macrolides, mainly isolated from dinoflagellates of the genus Amphidinium. All these polyketides share a 75 % or more similar structure, highlighted by a macrolactone ring, at least one trans-2,5-substituted-THF motif and a characteristic polyenic side chain. From their isolation and absolute configurational assignment, the total synthesis of these marine macrolides represented an intense challenge to the organic synthesis community over the last 15 years, with around 14 research groups engaged in this inspiring task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
July 2023
Organic Chemistry Section, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Amphidinolides are a family of more than forty macrolides of varying sizes and complex structures isolated from dinoflagellates of the genus . Although all of them display potent-to-moderate cytotoxicity, their full bioactivity profile and mode of action have not been fully investigated. Access to enough material is needed for these studies, but samples of these compounds are limited due to the minute amounts that can only be obtained by either large-scale cultivation of the organism that produces them or by total synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
April 2023
Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
The first systematic study of catalytic enantioselective 1,2-additions to acrolein is described. Specifically, using allyl alcohol as a tractable, inexpensive acrolein proelectrophile, iridium-catalyzed acrolein allylation is achieved with high levels of regio-, -diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. This process delivers 3-hydroxy-1,5-hexadienes, a useful compound class that is otherwise challenging to access via enantioselective catalysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
October 2022
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
Exploration of an ambitious new strategy for the total synthesis of the cytotoxic marine natural product amphidinolide F is described, which features fabrication of the core structure from four readily accessible fragments and macrocycle construction through C9-C10 bond formation by intramolecular Stille coupling between an alkenyl iodide and alkenyl stannane. Efficient stereoselective synthesis of each of the four building-blocks and subsequent coupling of them to produce the requisite cyclization precursor has been accomplished, but suitable conditions for high-yielding palladium-mediated closure of the macrocycle to produce the fully protected amphidinolide F ring system have yet to be identified.
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