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We investigated the rat submaxillary gland for the presence of GnRH and GnRH receptors, the localization and colocalization of GnRH, GnRH receptor and their mRNA, and studied the sequence of GnRH receptor complementary DNA (cDNA) by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. The results showed that GnRH and GnRH receptor immunoreactive materials were colocalized in the epithelial cells of the serous acinus and glandular duct. The GnRH and GnRH receptor mRNA hybridization signals were detected in the above cells. The sequence obtained from the RT-PCR product was identical to the published cDNA sequence of GnRH receptor in the rat pituitary. The results suggested that the rat submaxillary gland was capable of synthesizing GnRH and GnRH receptors. GnRH may be involved in the functional regulation of the submaxillary gland through autocrine or paracrine activity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00194-2 | DOI Listing |
Int J Gynaecol Obstet
September 2025
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Even though uterine fibroids are a widespread condition, the range of approved medical treatment options remains limited. In fact, only a few drugs are officially approved for the therapy of fibroids. In both the USA and the European Medicines Agency region, selected gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists have been approved for this indication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China.
The onset of puberty is increasingly observed at earlier ages in children, especially in girls with obesity, a trend that predisposes them to long-term metabolic and reproductive disorders in adulthood. Bile acids have emerged as pivotal signaling molecules in both metabolic and reproductive disorders, but remain unexplored in the early onset of puberty in children. Herein, we find elevated levels of muricholic acid (MCA) species in the serum of girls with central precocious puberty, which strongly correlate with indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation and can reach peak levels during puberty among healthy children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Apalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist for prostate cancer, rarely causes drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS).
Case Presentation: A 75-year-old male with prostate cancer and multiple bone metastases developed grade 2 rash and grade 3 liver dysfunction according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) 3 weeks after starting apalutamide with a GnRH antagonist, followed by a 3-day fever. Ten days later, symptoms worsened to grade 3 rash and grade 4 liver dysfunction.
Poult Sci
August 2025
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Safe Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China. Electronic address:
Sexual maturity significantly impacts poultry production efficiency, yet data on testicular development and regulatory mechanisms in indigenous breeds remain limited. In this study, we examined Xianghuang chickens, a indigenous early-maturing breed, to investigate the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis. Hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis tissues were collected at 80 and 120 days post-hatch (dph) for analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurol
August 2025
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Introduction: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited condition due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations usually affecting young men within their thirties, while women seem protected by estrogens with a female-to-male ratio of 1:3. Late-onset cases (over 40 years of age) are usually associated to toxic exposure to tobacco smoke or drugs causing mitochondrial dysfunction.
Results: We describe two cases of LHON remarkable for their late onset (> 60 years) in the absence of classic toxic factors.