Systematic assessment of landfill mining potential in Zhejiang Province, China: Resource recovery and economic potential.

Landfilling has been the predominant municipal solid waste disposal method in recent decades. Recently, landfill mining has gained attention due to increasing raw material costs and environmental concerns. However, most research has focused on individual or limited specific cases, with insufficient studies on landfill mining potential at the regional or national level.

Heavy metal stabilization via copyrolysis of comodified vermiculite with municipal sludge/aged refuse: Comprehensive analysis of hazards and characteristics of multiple coexisting heavy metals.

Mg impregnation, intercalation-exfoliation, and thermal activation methods were employed to create various types of modified vermiculite (MV), with their combination creating linked-modified vermiculite (LMV). Copyrolysis of MV with municipal sludge (MS)/aged refuse (AF) in a fluidized bed improved heavy metal (HM) stability compared to copyrolysis of original vermiculite, with LMV demonstrating superior performance compared to other types of MV. The HM retention rate, potential ecological risk assessment, and form distribution analysis supported the efficacy of the approach.