Obtaining religious and spiritual competencies for relationship therapy: Outcomes of Competency Addressing Religion and Spirituality (CARS) training.

Family Competency addressing religion and spirituality in relationships is based on principles of systems theory applied to diversity training in religion and spirituality. Relational spirituality and family systems theory are the theoretical bases for training clinicians to address religion and spirituality (R/S) competently. Relational issues of R/S include religious differences and conflicts in close relationships, spiritual impairment due to relationship distress, and the use of spiritual resources for coping in a family or community.

The Global Flourishing Study: Study Profile and Initial Results on Flourishing.

The Global Flourishing Study is a longitudinal panel study of over 200,000 participants in 22 geographically and culturally diverse countries, spanning all six populated continents, with nationally representative sampling and intended annual survey data collection for 5 years to assess numerous aspects of flourishing and its possible determinants. The study is intended to expand our knowledge of the distribution and determinants of flourishing around the world. Relations between a composite flourishing index and numerous demographic characteristics are reported.

Childhood predictors of suffering in adulthood across 22 countries.

Background: Evidence suggests that suffering may degrade health and well-being. However, further research is needed to identify potential targets for addressing population-level suffering.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from 22 countries in Wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898) to explore associations of 13 individual characteristics and retrospectively recalled childhood factors with suffering in adulthood.

Development and initial validation of a palliative care readiness (PALCARE) tool for older adults with cancer: Study protocol.

Introduction: Early palliative care (PC) has been recommended for older adults with cancer to address their cancer and treatment related high symptom burden and unmet needs. However, it is underutilized; older adults with cancer are 60% less likely to use PC compared to their younger counterparts. One approach to reduce existing barriers and improve utilization is to assess their readiness for PC.

Differential Effects of Decisional and Emotional Forgiveness on Psychological, Spiritual, Social, Volitional, and Physical Well-Being: A Scoping Review.

Within a stress-and-coping theory of forgiveness, two dimensions of forgiveness have been hypothesized-decisional forgiveness (DF) and emotional forgiveness (EF). Each is theorized to have different impacts on different dimensions of well-being-psychological, spiritual (or religious), social, volitional, and physical. A scoping review was performed to explore the associations of each dimension of forgiveness with each dimension of well-being.

A cross-national analysis of sociodemographic variation in suffering across 22 countries.

Background: Suffering has been identified as an important public health issue worthy of closer attention. This preregistered study takes an initial step toward developing an epidemiology of suffering by exploring the distribution of suffering in 22 countries and testing for sociodemographic disparities in suffering.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from the first wave of the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898), we estimated the proportion of people who endorsed some/a lot of suffering in each country.

Childhood predictors of belief in life after death across 22 countries.

Belief in life after death is one of the oldest and most widespread spiritual convictions, and it has been shown to offer various psychological benefits. Understanding the predictors of afterlife beliefs is crucial for gaining insight into religious tenets and their broader impacts on individuals and societies. This retrospective longitudinal study used the first wave of nationally representative data from the Global Flourishing Study, covering 22 countries (N = 202,898), to examine 13 potential childhood predictors of afterlife belief in adulthood.

Sociodemographic variations of belief in life after death across 22 Countries.

Belief in life after death is among the oldest forms of spiritual belief, found in nearly every world civilization and religion. While several national surveys highlight differences in afterlife beliefs across countries, none have explored the sociodemographic factors associated with these beliefs. Using data from Wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study (N = 202,898), weighted to be nationally representative, we estimated the proportion of people affirming belief in an afterlife in 22 countries.

Association Between Academic, Initial Licensure, Employment Factors, and NCLEX-RN Performance of Philippine-Educated Nurses.

The United States' nursing shortage attracted internationally educated nurses (IENs) to take the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN), which is required to practice nursing in the U.S. Philippine-educated nurses (PENs) comprised more than half of IENs in the U.

Advance Care Planning Completion and Decision-Making Among Older Adults With Cancer and Their Family Caregivers: Findings From a Mixed Methods Study.

BackgroundAdvance care planning (ACP) is a complex process where individuals communicate decisions about their future health care before becoming incapable to participate in medical decision-making. While ACP has many potential benefits, little is known about ACP among older adults with cancer and their family caregivers. The purpose of this study is to examine holistic factors that affect ACP in older adults with cancer and how family caregivers engage in the process.

International REACH forgiveness intervention: a multisite randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To determine whether a brief self-directed forgiveness workbook intervention could alter forgiveness, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms.

Design: A multisite randomised waitlist-controlled trial was conducted among 4598 participants. Recruitment occurred from 11 February 2020 to 30 September 2021.

Factors affecting advance care planning in older adults with cancer.

Introduction: Advance care planning (ACP) has been widely endorsed and recommended for its many potential benefits, including improved end-of-life (EOL) care, enhanced satisfaction with care, and reduced anxiety and depression. However, little is known about the ACP completion rates and factors affecting ACP among older adults with cancer. This study's purpose was to examine biological, psychological, and social factors affecting ACP in this population.

Religious/spiritual struggles and whole person functioning among Colombian university students: Longitudinal evidence of mutual influence.

This prospective study examined the primary, secondary and complex conceptual models of religious/spiritual struggles with 18 indicators of whole person functioning across five domains: psychological well-being, psychological distress, social well-being, physical well-being and character. We used three waves of longitudinal data (Wave 1: August/September 2021, Wave 2: October/November 2021, Wave 3: February 2022) from Colombian university students (N = 2878, M = 20.88 ± 4.

The multilevel correlates, contributions, and consequences of leader humility in humanitarian aid work.

Objective: Leader humility has been linked to many positive outcomes but not examined in humanitarian aid work. Three studies examined the multilevel correlates, contributions, and consequences of leader humility in Medair-a large, multinational, faith-based aid organization. Study 1 examined correlates of leader humility in a sample of 308 workers and 167 leaders.

Associations of religious and existential variables with psychosocial factors and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in bereavement.

Bereavement increases in prevalence as people age and is associated with multiple psychological and health risks, including cardiovascular risk. Religious and existential variables may play an important role in the health impacts of bereavement. Theorized pathways linking religious and existential variables with health have suggested these associations are due to intermediary psychosocial variables, but have not been tested in bereavement.

More spiritual than religious: Concurrent and longitudinal relations with personality traits, mystical experiences, and other individual characteristics.

People who self-identify as predominantly spiritual constitute a considerable and well-established part of the religious landscape in North America and Europe. Thus, further research is needed to document predictors, correlates, and outcomes associated with self-identifying primarily as a spiritual person. In the following set of studies, we contribute to some of these areas using data from German and United States adults.

Identifying pathways to religious service attendance among older adults: A lagged exposure-wide analysis.

We used prospective data (spanning 8 years) from a national sample of older U.S. adults aged > 50 years (the Health and Retirement Study, N = 13,771) to evaluate potential factors that lead to subsequent religious service attendance.

Perceived posttraumatic growth after interpersonal trauma and subsequent well-being among young Colombian adults: A longitudinal analysis.

Research has shown that people sometimes report self-perceived growth as a result of dealing with a potentially traumatic event, but relatively few methodologically rigorous studies have examined whether perceived posttraumatic growth is associated with improved subsequent well-being across a wide range of outcomes. In this three-wave longitudinal study of Colombian emerging adults ( = 636), we examined the associations of perceived posttraumatic growth with 17 well-being outcomes across domains of psychological well-being (i.e.

Associations of dispositional forgivingness with facets of well-being among Colombian adults: A longitudinal outcome-wide analysis.

Many studies have reported evidence suggesting that dispositional forgivingness has positive implications for different domains of well-being. However, relatively few methodologically rigorous studies have been conducted in the Global South, particularly in post-conflict settings where forgiveness could play an important role in supporting individual well-being. In this three-wave cohort study of predominantly young adult Colombians (n = 1575), we examined the associations of dispositional forgivingness with 20 well-being outcomes across several domains of well-being: psychological distress, psychological well-being, physical health, social well-being, and character strengths/virtues.

Knowledge, beliefs, and misconceptions about palliative care among older adults with cancer.

Introduction: Older adults with cancer have high symptom burden and unmet needs and may benefit from palliative care (PC). However, little is known about their knowledge and understanding of PC. This study examined the knowledge, beliefs, and misconceptions about PC in older adults with cancer in the United States.

Spiritually incorporating couple therapy in practice: Christian-accommodated couple therapy as an illustration.

Spiritually incorporating couple therapy (SICT)-couple therapy that incorporates spiritual interventions-has a growing research base. Information is limited on how spiritual interventions are used in practice; thus we studied treatment-as-usual (TAU). SICT is treatment that, at a couple's request, sometimes draws upon spiritual resources when addressing relational issues.

Suffering, psychological distress, and well-being in Indonesia: A prospective cohort study.

Research on the subjective experience of suffering has typically focussed on older clinical samples living in Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries. To further extend the existing body of empirical research on suffering to less WEIRD contexts, we use three waves of data (Wave 1: December 2020; Wave 2: January 2021; Wave 3: February 2021) from a sample of nonclinical Indonesian adults (n = 594) to examine associations between suffering, two indices of psychological distress, and 10 facets of well-being. In our primary analysis, we estimated a series of multiple regression models that adjusted for a range of sociodemographic characteristics, financial and material stability, religious/spiritual factors, prior values of overall suffering, and prior values of each outcome assessed in Wave 1.

Development and Initial Validation of the Persevering Hope Scale: Measuring Wait-Power in Four Independent Samples.

Hope has been conceptualized as agency and pathways to achieve goals. However, this goal-directed conceptualization does not encapsulate all situations in which hope may be beneficial. To address the dispositional motivation to endure when a desired goal seems unattainable, unlikely, or even impossible (i.

Recollections of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Complexities of Religious Coping and Muslim Religious and Psychological Adjustment in Afghanistan.

Religious coping is a double-edged sword. Clarification of the psychological benefits for positive religious coping requires statistical controls for negative religious coping and vice versa. This study sought to further explore the complexities of Muslim religious coping by extending the analysis to Afghans who coped with the sufferings associated with recollections of childhood and adolescent sexual abuse.