-Trifluoromethylselenophthalimide, an Electrophilic Trifluoromethylselenolation Reagent and Its Application for the Synthesis of 4-Trifluoromethylselenolated Isoxazoles.

A new electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation reagent, -trifluoromethylselenophthalimide (Phth-SeCF), was developed. A strategy for the synthesis of 4-trifluoromethylselenolated isoxazoles through electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation cyclization has been established by using Phth-SeCF as an electrophilic reagent. Moreover, this protocol has the features of broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high yields.

Synthesis of Spiro[5.5]trienones- and Spiro[4.5]trienones-Fused Selenocyanates via Electrophilic Selenocyanogen Cyclization and Dearomative Spirocyclization.

A practical strategy for the synthesis of spiro[5.5]trienones-fused selenocyanates and spiro[4.5]trienones-fused selenocyanates through electrophilic selenocyanogen cyclization and dearomative spirocyclization is reported.

Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of a Fusion Protein Tuberculosis Vaccine Combining Five Esx Family Proteins.

One strategy to develop the next generation of tuberculosis vaccines is to construct subunit vaccines based on T cell antigens. In this study, we have evaluated the vaccine potential of a fusion protein combining EsxB, EsxD, EsxG, EsxU, and EsxM of (). This recombinant protein, named BM, was expressed in and purified from .

WhiB4 Regulates the PE/PPE Gene Family and is Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium marinum.

During the course of infection, pathogenic mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) encounter host environments of variable oxygen tension, ranging from the hypoxic center of granulomas to the most oxygenated region in the lung cavities. Mycobacterial responses to changes of oxygen tension are critically related to infection outcomes, such as latency and reactivation.

Structure characterization and anti-tyrosinase mechanism of polymeric proanthocyanidins fractionated from kiwifruit pericarp.

To provide information on the structure, activity, and structure-activity relationship of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) pericarp proanthocyanidins (PAs), they were separated into three fractions. These fractions were further identified by MALDI-TOF MS and HPLC-ESI-MS methods. Spectra results revealed that they are complex mixtures of B-type propelargonidins, procyanidins, procyanidins gallate, and prodelphinidins.

Structure characterization of proanthocyanidins from Caryota ochlandra Hance and their bioactivities.

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) from Caryota ochlandra fruit pericarp and fruit flesh were characterized by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry techniques. The fruit pericarp and flesh PAs were complex mixtures of homo- and heteropolymers of B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins both with degrees of polymerization up to dodecamer. Their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities were investigated.

Reversible and competitive inhibitory kinetics of amoxicillin on mushroom tyrosinase.

In the present work, we investigated the inhibitory effects of amoxicillin, a bacteriolytic β-lactam antibiotic drug, on the rate of monophenol hydroxylation and o-diphenol oxidation catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase. The results showed that amoxicillin could inhibit both monophenolase and diphenolase activities. For monophenolase activity, the inhibition on reaction rate was dose-dependent, while the influence on lag period was not obvious.