Comparison of three concentrations of ropivacaine in posterior quadratus lumborum block: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: A conclusive evidence regarding the optimal concentration and volume of local anesthetic for quadratus lumborum block is lacking.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled study, 60 patients scheduled for laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to 3 different combinations of volume and concentration of ropivacaine (3 mg/kg) - Group 0.25%, Group 0.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of the (Jacq.) Swartz. (Cucurbitaceae).

(Jacq.) Swartz is an important vegetable with both food and medicinal values. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of has been reported in this study.