Cutaneous mucormycosis in the immunocompromised host: An important cause of persistent post traumatic skin lesions.

We describe a case of a 31-year-old man with a history of ocular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with a large 12-cm non-resolving traumatic skin lesion on his back. Biopsy showed fungal elements, and on fungal culture, (formerly ) was isolated. Cutaneous mucormycosis is an important diagnostic consideration for a non-resolving skin lesion in an immunocompromised host.

A case of isolated rectal recurrence of muscle invasive bladder cancer.

We present the case of a 53-year-old man with a 25-pack/year smoking history and a 6-month history of gross hematuria, who presented with a pT3a, N0, M0, muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). He declined neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but received post-cystectomy adjuvant chemotherapy. Six months post-adjuvant chemotherapy, he presented with abdominal pain and a large bowel obstruction, and was found to have an isolated rectal recurrence of MIBC.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of endometriosis of the abdominal wall: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Endometriosis is a relatively common disease in women, usually of reproductive age. In rare occasions, endometriosis may occur in unusual body sites, including extragonadal, extra-pelvic sites, or in the skin. We report a case of endometriosis of the abdominal wall diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB).

Differential regulation of CXCR4 and CCR5 expression by interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 is associated with inhibition of chemotaxis and human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) type 1 replication but not HIV entry into human monocytes.

Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 play a key role in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) entry into CD4+ monocytic cells. Alteration in the expression levels of these receptors by immunoregulatory cytokines may influence viral entry and hence susceptibility to HIV infection, viral tropism, and disease progression. Helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which share a subunit of their receptor components and exhibit similar biological effects, have been shown to play a key role in HIV infection and disease progression.