Microbial patterns and culture utility in orbital cellulitis.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and types of pathogens found in children with orbital cellulitis and to evaluate the utility of nonoperative cultures.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children with imaging-confirmed orbital cellulitis over a period of 8 years. Outcomes included prevalence and types of organisms, polymicrobial infection, mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection, effect of age, and culture utility.

Use of Clinical Outcome Assessments in New Drug Approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration Divisions of Neurology I and II.

This cross-sectional study examines drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Divisions of Neurology I and II to understand the role of clinical outcome assessments in regulatory decisions, including whether and how potential shortcomings are addressed.

Ocular examinations, findings, and toxicity in children taking vigabatrin.

Background: The antiepileptic medication vigabatrin has been associated with ocular toxicity, and close ophthalmic monitoring has been recommended; however, there is no clear consensus regarding the value and feasibility of such monitoring in children. We describe ophthalmic assessments in children in a real-world clinical setting, the incidence of vigabatrin-related ocular toxicity, and the utility of regular screening or ancillary testing in children taking vigabatrin.

Methods: The medical records of children taking vigabatrin with one or more ophthalmic assessments at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia or University of California, San Francisco, between May 2010 and May 2021, were reviewed retrospectively.

Hypotony Without Globe Rupture During Orbital Fracture Repair.

A 29-year-old male presented to the emergency department with an orbital fracture. He denied ocular symptoms and CT showed bilateral fracture of nasal bones, left medial orbital wall, and left orbital floor, with herniation of orbital fat and minimal retrobulbar hematoma. Pre-operative ophthalmic exam was unremarkable.

A Survivor-Derived Approach to Addressing Trafficking in the Pediatric ED.

Objectives: Our objective was to elicit the perspectives of survivors of child trafficking on addressing trafficking in the pediatric emergency department (ED) and, secondarily, to provide a survivor-derived framework to help pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) providers discuss trafficking with their patients.

Methods: We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with young adults who experienced trafficking as children and/or as adolescents. In the interviews, we employed a novel video-elicitation method designed by the research team to elicit detailed participant feedback and recommendations on the pediatric ED through an interactive, immersive discussion with the interviewer.

A qualitative study of health experiences of Ethiopian asylum seekers in Norway.

Background: Norway, like other European countries, has a growing refugee population. Upon arrival to Norway, refugees and asylum seekers need to learn about Norwegian society and social services such as healthcare. Despite various programs and assistance, they face numerous challenges using the healthcare system.

Treatment completion for latent tuberculosis infection in Norway: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Successful treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is essential to reduce tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates in low-burden countries. This study measures treatment completion and determinants of non-completion of LTBI treatment in Norway in 2016.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included all individuals notified with LTBI treatment to the Norwegian Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases (MSIS) in 2016.

Corneal Sensitivity and Presence of Pathogenic Organisms Among Participants Who Have Undergone Trichiasis Surgery Differ by Surgical Outcome.

Purpose: To explore the potential association between reduced corneal sensation and/or conjunctival bacterial colonization and postoperative trichiasis and eyelid contour abnormalities after corrective eyelid surgery among participants with a history of trachomatous trichiasis.

Methods: As an ancillary study to the Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) Surgery Trial in southern Tanzania, we collected data on 580 PRET participants who had undergone trichiasis surgery 1 year earlier and 200 age-group-matched individuals without trichiasis. Assessments included eyelid status evaluation (presence and severity of postoperative trichiasis and/or eyelid contour abnormality), corneal sensitivity by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, a questionnaire on symptoms of ocular irritation, and conjunctival microbiology.

Geospatial distribution and clustering of Chlamydia trachomatis in communities undergoing mass azithromycin treatment.

Purpose: We detected spatial clustering of households with Chlamydia trachomatis infection (CI) and active trachoma (AT) in villages undergoing mass treatment with azithromycin (MDA) over time.

Methods: We obtained global positioning system (GPS) coordinates for all households in four villages in Kongwa District, Tanzania. Every 6 months for a period of 42 months, our team examined all children under 10 for AT, and tested for CI with ocular swabbing and Amplicor.