The Effects of Salinity on the Survival, Growth, and Eco-Physiological Parameters of Juvenile Sea Urchin .

is an economically important species in tropical and subtropical waters. To determine the optimal salinity for aquaculture, we examined six salinity levels (20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40) during winter and spring, assessing their effects on survival, growth, and eco-physiological parameters of juvenile . Results showed that (1) in winter, the survival rate of juvenile was highest at salinities of 28-36, with 100% survival at salinities of 32-36.

Grouper SPL promotes STING- and IRF3-mediated antiviral immune response against iridovirus infection.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) was an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of the bioactive lipid S1P. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), a highly pathogenic large cytoplasmic dsDNA virus, had caused significant economic losses in aquaculture and threatened biodiversity. Though SPL had been reported to be crucial for several crucial cellular functions due to its roles in S1P metabolism, the roles of SPL in fish virus infection remained poorly understood.

Grouper TIM-1 promotes nodavirus infection by inhibiting immune and inflammation response.

T-cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing (TIM) protein family has attracted particular attention because of their broad immune functions and the response to viral infections. TIM-1, a member of the TIM family, has been demonstrated to play an important role in viral infections. However, its roles during fish nodavirus infection still remained largely unknown.