Protocol for generation and utilization of patient-derived organoids from multimodal specimen.

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are robust preclinical models for precision oncology. However, most existing protocols depend on surgically resected specimens, limiting their applicability to patients who are ineligible for surgery. Here, we present a protocol for generating PDOs from various clinically accessible specimens-including biopsies (endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy [EUS-FNB], percutaneous liver biopsy [PLB], ascites, and pleural effusion)-across cancer types.

Achromatic beam deflector with electrodynamic phased arrays.

Since flat optics has the feature to implement a compact system, they are widely used in various applications to replace bulky refractive optics. However, they suffer from chromatic aberrations due to dispersion, limiting their effectiveness to a narrow wavelength range. Consequently, diffractive optics has been applied for dynamic beam steering within a specific wavelength region or for static steering across multiple wavelengths.

DualDyConvNet: Dual-Stream Dynamic Convolution Network via Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Predicting Motor Prognosis in Subacute Stroke.

Stroke is a significant impediment on a global scale, with the prognosis for motor ability contingent on initial rehabilitation and the severity of the injury. Consequently, the predictability of early recovery potential for personalized rehabilitation is crucial. However, studies predicting the prognosis of motor ability are still limited in performance.

Advanced Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells Using Biomarkers and Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) typically develops without symptoms, and its aggressive progression combined with late-stage diagnosis underscores the critical need for improved early detection strategies. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood are potential biomarkers for PDAC. In this study, the detection of pancreatic cancer-associated CTCs was evaluated using two magnetic-based diagnostic systems in a comparative approach.

Optimal Value of Mutant KRAS Circulating Tumor DNA for Predicting Prognosis and Monitoring in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The generalizability and applicability of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) KRAS mutations in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) remain elusive. We aimed to propose a cut-off value of mutant KRAS (mKRAS) concentration in ctDNA and validate its clinical utility.

Methods: This prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolled 419 patients with PAC.

The orange protein regulates the minor antenna protein CP24 via an oxidative stress-dependent structural switch.

Abiotic stress significantly affects plant photosynthetic efficiency, leading to a global reduction in agricultural yields. The Orange (Or) protein plays a crucial role in regulating carotenoid homeostasis and enhancing plant adaptation to abiotic stress. In this study, we found that the sweetpotato Or protein (IbOr) physically interacts with the minor antenna protein IbCP24 in the chloroplast and promotes its degradation.

Node of origin matters: comparative analysis of soil water limitation effects on nodal root anatomy in maize (Zea mays L.).

Background And Aim: Root anatomy, determining the composition and organization of root tissues, has implications for water uptake and transport, and potential for enhancing crop resilience amid changing environmental conditions and erratic water supply. While our understanding of the functional relationship between root anatomical traits and soil resource acquisition continues to improve, anatomical traits are commonly investigated on adventitious roots emerging from a single node or averaged across nodes. We test the hypothesis that drought adaptations of anatomical and hydraulic phenes are specific to the nodal origin of the root.

Organoid morphology-guided classification for oral cancer reveals prognosis.

Oral cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a survival rate below 50% in advanced stages due to low mutation rates, lack of molecular subtypes, and limited treatment targets. This study presents a pioneering approach to classifying oral cancer subtypes based on the morphology of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and proposes a therapeutic strategy. We establish 76 cancer and 81 normal PDOs.

IbMPK3/IbMPK6-mediated IbSPF1 phosphorylation promotes cold stress tolerance in sweet potato.

Environmental stress caused by biotic and abiotic factors negatively affects crop quality and productivity. Plants employ multiple signaling mechanisms under stress, with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade-particularly MPK3 and MPK6-serving as a central regulator of stress adaptation through substrate phosphorylation. While these kinases are well-studied in model plants, their functional role in sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.

A wearable ankle-assisted robot for improving gait function and pattern in stroke patients.

Background: Hemiplegic gait after a stroke can result in a decreased gait speed and asymmetrical gait pattern. Normal gait patterns and speed are typically the ultimate goals of gait function in stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of the Gait Enhancing and Motivating System-Ankle (GEMS-A) on gait function and pattern in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Effect of intensive nutritional support on functional recovery in subacute stroke: A randomized, multicenter, single-blinded trial.

Background: Nutrition in the subacute phase of stroke may be a critical factor in functional recovery and post-stroke mortality. Nevertheless, the issue of intensive nutritional support for people with subacute stroke remains insufficiently explored.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of intensive nutritional support during rehabilitation on functional recovery in the subacute phase of participants with a first-ever stroke.

Resting-state hemodynamic changes and effects on upper limb function after multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and anterior intraparietal sulcus in stroke patients: an fNIRS pilot study.

Background: Stroke results in substantial long-term disability, necessitating effective recovery interventions. This study explored the effects of multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on hemodynamic responses and upper limb motor function in stroke patients, targeting the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) and anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS).

Methods: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial was conducted with 24 stroke patients (18 men; mean age, 57.

Exploring the interrelationship of intra- and inter-network alteration in motor recovery after stroke.

Brain networks demonstrate various dynamics during recovery after a stroke. Recovery of interhemispheric interaction and balance and the occurrence of network reorganization have also been reported during stroke recovery. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of brain networks after stroke.

Generation of prostate cancer assembloids modeling the patient-specific tumor microenvironment.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among men and contributes significantly to cancer-related mortality. While recent advances in in vitro PC modeling systems have been made, there remains a lack of robust preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the genetic and phenotypic characteristics across various PC subtypes-from localized PC (LPC) to castration-resistant PC (CRPC)-along with associated stromal cells. Here, we established human PC assembloids from LPC and CRPC tissues by reconstituting tumor organoids with corresponding cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), thereby incorporating aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Five-Year Functional Outcomes Among Patients Surviving Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Importance: Longitudinal changes in functional levels can provide valuable information about disability. However, longitudinal outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have not been well reported, which could provide insight into appropriate management and information for patients experiencing disability.

Objective: To investigate the 5-year prognosis and functional outcomes of patients with aSAH.

Long-term functional outcomes in patients with isolated cerebellar infarction: the KOSCO study.

Background: There are relatively few reports on the long-term sequential functional recovery and prognosis in patients with cerebellar infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term recovery of multifaceted functional outcomes up to 36 months after onset and the functional prognosis of isolated cerebellar infarction.

Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation (KOSCO) data up to 36 months after onset.

Robot-assisted exercise improves gait and physical function in older adults: a usability study.

Background: With increasing age, individuals are more likely to experience physical disabilities, functional declines, and mobility limitations. Wearable robots or exoskeletons are relatively new technologies that can help address these issues, reduce healthcare costs, and support home healthcare, decreasing the burden of chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usability of Bot Fit after task-specific physical activities and functional gait training, as well as to examine the effects of a wearable hip exoskeleton, Bot Fit, on gait, physical function, and muscle strength in older adults living in residential care facilities.

Metal-Phenolic Coordination mediated Nanoemulsions for All-in-One Drug Delivery.

Combination chemotherapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, enhancing antitumor efficacy while minimizing drug resistance and mitigating the risk of single-drug overdose toxicity. Polymeric drug delivery carriers for combination chemotherapy have been developed; however, the synthetic process of amphiphilic polymers is time-consuming and laborious. The polymer entanglement-based drug encapsulation has been limited in achieving a high multidrug encapsulation efficiency because of the intrinsic preference for encapsulation of drugs upon their polarity.

Mutant KRAS and GATA6 Stratify Survival in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Several pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) biomarkers beyond the traditional carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 have been identified but are lacking large-scale prospective validation. This prospective cohort study evaluated the prognostic impact of potential PA biomarkers.

Methods: We enrolled 238 of 288 patients with histologically proven PA.

Recovery of Swallowing Function and Prognostic Factors Associated with Exacerbation of Post-stroke Dysphagia.

Post-stroke dysphagia is a common and debilitating complication affecting millions of people worldwide, often leading to malnutrition, pneumonia, and reduced quality of life. This study, an interim analysis of the Korean Study Cohort for Functional and Rehabilitation, aimed to identify long-term changes and predictive factors associated with post-stroke dysphagia at 3 years after stroke. A total of 4735 patients with acute first-ever stroke, including both ischemic and hemorrhagic subgroups, were followed, and dysphagia was assessed using the ASHA-NOMS scale.

Nelonemdaz Treatment for Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Nelonemdaz is a N -methyl d -aspartate receptor subtype 2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist and a potent free-radical scavenger that might ameliorate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated the efficacy of nelonemdaz for patients with OHCA.

Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter phase II trial.

Long-term functional outcomes among patients surviving aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: The KOSCO study.

Background And Objectives: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a significant global health concern, and therefore, understanding their functional outcomes is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the 1-year functional outcomes of patients with aSAH.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with aSAH from the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation study, up to 1 year post-onset.

Deep Temporal Clustering of Pathological Gait Patterns in Post-Stroke Patients Using Joint Angle Trajectories: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Rehabilitation of gait function in post-stroke hemiplegic patients is critical for improving mobility and quality of life, requiring a comprehensive understanding of individual gait patterns. Previous studies on gait analysis using unsupervised clustering often involve manual feature extraction, which introduces limitations such as low accuracy, low consistency, and potential bias due to human intervention. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and cluster gait patterns using an end-to-end deep learning approach that autonomously extracts features from joint angle trajectories for a gait cycle, minimizing human intervention.

ATR inhibition promotes synergistic antitumor effect in platinum-resistant pancreatic cancer.

Background: Oxaliplatin is a commonly used platinum-based chemotherapy drug for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). Drug resistance is a major challenge in PC treatment, underscoring the urgent need for new approaches. Targeting DNA damage repair, one of the factors responsible for platinum resistance, is an attractive strategy to overcome drug resistance.

and mutation-related spondylocarpotarsal synostosis: a case report.

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome (SCTS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by vertebral fusion, short stature, and skeletal anomalies. SCTS is primarily associated with mutations in filamin B. However, in this report, we present a unique case of SCTS in a 28-year-old male who complained of neck and shoulder pain persisting for 1 year.