Genome Evolution of Two Intertidal Sargassum Species (S. fusiforme and S. thunbergii) and Their Response to Abiotic Stressors.

Sargassum fusiforme and Sargassum thunbergii are ecologically and commercially important seaweeds that thrive in intertidal zones and are frequently exposed to extreme variation in environmental stress. Despite their importance, limited genomic information exists for these species, which hinders a comprehensive understanding of the evolution and adaptation of the genus Sargassum to marine coastal habitats. Two Sargassum genomes were generated in this study.

Ameliorative Effects of Flavonoids from Aerial Parts on Alloxan-Induced Pancreatic Islet Damage in Zebrafish.

(balloon flower), used as a food reserve as well as in traditional herbal medicine, is known for its multiple beneficial effects. In particular, this plant is widely used as a vegetable in Republic of Korea. We examined the ameliorative effects of on alloxan-induced pancreatic islet damage in zebrafish.

Anticancer effects of the HDAC inhibitor, 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid, in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells via the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways.

() is a perennial herb that is used to treat chronic bronchitis and pain. The anticancer activity of 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid (ACT‑3), a major component isolated from , has not yet been investigated in detail. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and anticancer activities of ACT‑3 compared with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells.

β-Peltoboykinolic Acid from Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transitions in Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is increasingly recognized as contributing to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, novel plant-based natural, active compounds have been sought for the treatment of fibrotic EMT. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of on TGF-β1-induced EMT in lung alveolar epithelial cells (A549).

Chemiluminescent Probe for the In Vitro and In Vivo Imaging of Cancers Over-Expressing NQO1.

Activatable (turn-on) probes that permit the rapid, sensitive, selective, and accurate identification of cancer-associated biomarkers can help drive advances in cancer research. Herein, a NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1)-specific chemiluminescent probe 1 is reported that allows the differentiation between cancer subtypes. Probe 1 incorporates an NQO1-specific trimethyl-locked quinone trigger moiety covalently tethered to a phenoxy-dioxetane moiety through a para-aminobenzyl alcohol linker.

Afrocyclamin A, a triterpene saponin, induces apoptosis and autophagic cell death via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human prostate cancer cells.

Background: Afrocyclamin A, an oleanane-type triterpene saponin, was isolated from Androsace umbellata which used as a traditional herbal medicine.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the anticancer activity of afrocyclamin A on human prostate cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo.

Methods: Cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death were measured following exposure to afrocyclamin A.

Plumbagin from a tropical pitcher plant (Nepenthes alata Blanco) induces apoptotic cell death via a p53-dependent pathway in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthaquinone) has displayed antitumor activity in vitro and in animal models; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of plumbagin isolated from Nepenthes alata against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We examined the cytotoxicity, cell cycle regulation, apoptotic cell death, and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF-7 cells.

Novel therapeutic roles of MC-4 in combination with everolimus against advanced renal cell carcinoma by dual targeting of Akt/pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathways.

Current clinical trials of new anticancer therapies against metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including molecular-targeted therapies, have not shown promise. The purpose of this study was to preclinically assess the antitumor effects of MC-4, a partially purified material of Artemisia annua L., as a monotherapy or in combination with the known mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor, everolimus, against Caki-1 (Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)+/+) and 786-O (VHL-/-) human RCC cells.

Platycodon grandiflorus Root Extract Improves Learning and Memory by Enhancing Synaptogenesis in Mice Hippocampus.

(Jacq.) A.DC.

Direct acylation of N-benzyltriflamides from the alcohol oxidation level via palladium-catalyzed C-H bond activation.

A palladium-catalyzed ortho-acylation of N-benzyltriflamides from the alcohol oxidation level via C-H bond activation is described. These transformations have been applied to a wide range of substrates, and typically proceed with excellent levels of chemoselectivity and with high functional group tolerance.

Carboxymethylated cyclosophoraose as a novel chiral additive for the stereoisomeric separation of some flavonoids by capillary electrophoresis.

A carboxymethylated cyclosophoraose (CM-Cys) was synthesized by the chemical modification of neutral Cys, which was isolated from Rhizobium trifolii TA-1. CM-Cys was successfully applied as a novel chiral selector for the separation of some flavonoids including catechin, 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone, hesperidin, hesperetin, isosakuranetin, naringenin, naringin, and eriodictyol. The effects of pH, chiral additive concentration, and temperature on resolution and migration time were also studied.

Novel succinylated and large-sized osmoregulated periplasmic glucans of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are intrinsic components of the Gram-negative bacterial envelope and are important for bacterial-host interactions. The OPGs of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae have been known to be highly branched linear glucans ranging from 6 to 13 glucose residues devoid of any substituents, while having backbone structure similar to those of Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi.