Comparison of single-point insulin sensitivity estimator and other markers to predict metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

Background: Reliable markers are crucial for the early detection and management of pediatric metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods: 1593 children and adolescents were included from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021. We assessed homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL), the Metabolic Score for IR (METS-IR), and single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) as predictors of MS.

A genome-wide study on gene-nutrient interactions for hyperuricemia in a large Korean cohort (KoGES).

This study aimed to identify novel genetic variants associated with hyperuricemia risk across multiple nutrients by assessing significant gene-nutrient interactions using large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data in the Korean population. A total of 48,007 individuals from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study dataset were included in the GWAS. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire.

Differing dietary patterns according to body composition.

Background: This study aimed to investigate dietary patterns in relation to body composition, categorized into four groups using large-scale nationwide data: neither low muscle mass nor high body fat (N), low muscle mass only (LMo), high body fat only (HFo), and low muscle mass with high body fat (LMHF).

Methods: A total of 15,917 participants from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) values, representing the predicted probability of patients having LMo, HFo, or LMHF, were estimated using logistic regression analysis while adjusting for confounders.

Prediction Model for Insulin Resistance and Implications for MASLD in Youth: A Novel Marker, the Pediatric Insulin Resistance Assessment Score.

Purpose: Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is emerging as a significant IR-related complication. We aimed to develop a predictive model for IR in youths and implicate this model for MASLD.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1588 youths from the population-based data were included in the training set.

Differential Genetic Architecture of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Based on Obesity Status: Evidence from a Large-Scale GWAS of Koreans.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a key mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus and is closely associated with obesity. Although numerous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified variants that influence IR-related traits, it remains unclear whether the genetic architecture of IR differs according to obesity status. We conducted a stratified GWAS of the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in 8906 Korean individuals from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

The association between urine cotinine level and hemoglobin and hematocrit levels: a cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VIII (2019-2021).

Background: Smoking is a global health risk known to elevate hemoglobin (HB) levels through its effects on hematopoiesis. Urine cotinine, a metabolite strongly correlated with serum cotinine, serves as an effective biomarker for assessing smoking status. This study aimed to explore the relationship between urinary cotinine levels and both HB and hematocrit (HCT) levels in a Korean population.

Optimal Cutoffs of Fatty Liver Index and Hepatic Steatosis Index in Diagnosing Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background & Aims: Despite the high global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), effective noninvasive diagnostic tools in pediatric populations remain limited. We aimed to validate the predictive performance of the fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) in diagnosing MASLD in the young population and propose optimal cutoff points for the diagnosis of MASLD and severe MASLD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 1158 and 203 youths from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017 to 2020 and real-world clinical environments, respectively.

Identification of pediatric MASLD using insulin resistance indices.

Background & Aims: We investigated the triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (TG/HDL), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE), and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) as potential predictors of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by addressing the limited research on insulin-resistance markers in this population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 1,150 and 260 youths from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a real-world clinic, respectively. Hepatic steatosis was assessed using transient elastography and abdominal sonography.

Assessing Nutritional Factors for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease via Diverse Statistical Tools.

Background: Lifestyle modifications are critical in addressing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); however, the specific macronutrients that most significantly influence the disease's progression are uncertain. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake in MASLD development using decision trees, random forest models, and cluster analysis.

Methods: Participants (n=3,951) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were included.

Genome-wide approach to study gene-nutrient intake interactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large Korean cohort.

Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of gene-diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the roles of genetic variants and their interactions with T2DM-associated nutrients in a large-scale genome-wide association study of Korean adults.

Methods: A total of 50,808 participants from a Korean genome and epidemiology study were included.

Association of Mediterranean, high-quality, and anti-inflammatory diet with dementia in UK Biobank cohort.

Background: This study examined the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, MIND diet, Recommended Food Score (RFS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (EDII) and dementia risk in a large UK population cohort.

Methods: We analyzed data from 131,209 participants in the UK Biobank, aged 40-69 years, with no prior diagnosis of dementia at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed using the validated Oxford WebQ tool, and adherence to each dietary pattern was calculated.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters are superior to liver enzymes in predicting metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in young adults.

Background/aims: The predictive value of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters and liver enzymes for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in young adults is unclear. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of BIA parameters and liver enzymes in MASLD screening in young adults.

Methods: Overall, 2,647 participants aged 19-30 years were evaluated by sex.

Impact of cardiometabolic risk factors for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease on mortality.

Background And Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a potential independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated and all-cause mortalities as they share common risk factors. We investigated the association between cardiometabolic risk factors for MASLD and CVD-associated and all-cause mortality risks in middle-aged and older Korean adults.

Methods And Results: We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a population-based prospective cohort study.

Cluster-Based Analysis of Lipid Profiles and Inflammation in Association With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality: A 17.5-Year Longitudinal Study.

Cardiovascular mortality is a leading cause of global deaths, with aging, dyslipidemia, and inflammation recognized as key risk factors. This study aimed to identify distinct cardiovascular risk profiles using cluster analysis based on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in a large cohort of middle-aged Korean adults. Our analysis included 8115 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Secular trends in dental caries in Korean children and adolescents: 2007-2019 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.

Dental caries is a common preventable childhood disease that has negative effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The present study was conducted to examine the secular trends in the prevalence of dental caries among Korean children and adolescents over time through subgroup analysis based on age, sex, abdominal obesity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This serial cross-sectional study utilized representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, covering the period from 2007 to 2019.

Cluster analysis of diet and lifestyle factors associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: findings from Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Purpose: As the global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to increase, its early detection is crucial. We investigated the combined effects of various factors on MASLD development to enhance the understanding of individuals at high risk of MASLD.

Methods: A total of 4670 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were included.

Single point insulin sensitivity estimator index is associated with predominance of atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles in Korean obese adults: a retrospective study.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) influences lipid metabolism, particularly small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), a key feature of diabetic dyslipidemia and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. The single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index is an effective tool for assessing IR. This study explored the relationship between the SPISE index and average low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particle size in obese Korean adults.

Data-driven cluster analysis of lipids, inflammation, and aging in relation to new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: Early detection and intervention are vital for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) effectively. However, it's still unclear which risk factors for T2DM onset are most significant. This study aimed to use cluster analysis to categorize individuals based on six known risk factors, helping to identify high-risk groups requiring early intervention to prevent T2DM onset.

Genome-Wide Approach of Gene-Nutrient Intake Interaction Study for Essential Hypertension in a Large Korean Cohort (KoGES).

There is limited evidence on gene-nutrient interaction associated with hypertension (HTN). We examined interactions between genotypes and various nutrients that influenced high blood pressure (BP). Data were obtained from a total of 50,808 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence on the Incidence of New-Onset Hypertension in Adults With Obesity in Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

This study investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and new-onset hypertension (HTN) in a cohort of community-dwelling, middle-aged, older Korean individuals with obesity. We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. The Korean version of the MD Adherence Screener was used to evaluate compliance with the MD.

Secular trends in dietary energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake among Korean children and adolescents.

Objective: We aimed to analyse the evolving trends in macronutrient intake and dietary composition among Korean children and adolescents over a 10-year period.

Design: We utilised cross-sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) spanning the years 2010-2020. Overall, the study included 11 861 participants aged 6-18 years who completed the 24-h dietary recall survey.

Impact of Meal Frequency on Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Backgruound: Insulin resistance (IR) is central to metabolic disorders and significantly influenced by diet. Studies on meal frequency (MF) and metabolic indicators have shown mixed results. This study explores the link between MF and IR in middle-aged and older adults.

Comparison of SPISE and METS-IR and Other Markers to Predict Insulin Resistance and Elevated Liver Transaminases in Children and Adolescents.

Backgruound: Studies on predictive markers of insulin resistance (IR) and elevated liver transaminases in children and adolescents are limited. We evaluated the predictive capabilities of the single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index, metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the triglyceride (TG)/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) for IR and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in this population.

Methods: Data from 1,593 participants aged 10 to 18 years were analyzed using a nationwide survey.