Comparison of the Efficacy of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background/aims: There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend one oral hypoglycemic agent over another for diabetic patients to reduce hepatic steatosis or prevent advanced fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods: This study included diabetic patients with steatotic liver disease who newly received either a DPP-4i or an SGLT-2i as a second-line treatment between 2014 and 2021 at a single tertiary hospital.

Comparison of bone mineral density changes between denosumab and bisphosphonates in tenofovir-exposed chronic hepatitis B patients with osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: This study compared denosumab and bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in tenofovir-exposed chronic hepatitis B patients. Both denosumab and bisphosphonates increased bone mineral density (BMD) at year 1. However, denosumab resulted in a greater BMD improvement and a more pronounced reduction in procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide (P1NP) compared to bisphosphonate.

Facilitators, barriers, and future direction of high-fidelity simulation in nursing education: a qualitative descriptive study.

Background: As simulation-based education has emerged as a crucial alternative for developing integrated practical skills in a safe environment, several foundations have been established in recent years. Now that simulation education has become more established, researchers have identified the need to explore the barriers, facilitators, and future directions of high-fidelity simulation education. The purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of the barriers and strategies in utilizing high-fidelity simulation in nursing education, specifically regarding its facilitators, barriers, and future directions from the perspective of a nursing educator.

A Novel Point-of-Care Prediction Model for Steatotic Liver Disease: Expected Role of Mass Screening in the Global Obesity Crisis.

Background/aims: The incidence of steatotic liver disease (SLD) is increasing across all age groups as the incidence of obesity increases worldwide. The existing noninvasive prediction models for SLD require laboratory tests or imaging and perform poorly in the early diagnosis of infrequently screened populations such as young adults and individuals with healthcare disparities. We developed a machine learning-based point-of-care prediction model for SLD that is readily available to the broader population with the aim of facilitating early detection and timely intervention and ultimately reducing the burden of SLD.

AI model using CT-based imaging biomarkers to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Background & Aims: Various hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models have been proposed for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) using clinical variables. We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based HCC prediction model by incorporating imaging biomarkers derived from abdominal computed tomography (CT) images along with clinical variables.

Methods: An AI prediction model employing a gradient-boosting machine algorithm was developed utilizing imaging biomarkers extracted by DeepFore, a deep learning-based CT auto-segmentation software.

Impact of water temperature on oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in pearl-spot chromis, Chromis notata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843).

Water temperature is an abiotic factor influencing fish metabolism and physiological responses. As poikilothermic creatures, fish are notable sensitivity to fluctuations in water temperature, which also significantly influences intestinal microbial proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of both low (8 °C) and high (28 °C) water temperatures on oxidative stress and the intestinal microbiota of Chromis notata, a species that has recently migrated northward owing to changes in sea water temperature.

Hyposalinity elicits physiological responses and alters intestinal microbiota in Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii.

Global warming significantly impacts aquatic ecosystems, with changes in the salt environment negatively affecting the physiological responses of fish. We investigated the impact of hyposalinity on the physiological responses and intestinal microbiota of Sebastes schlegelii under the context of increased freshwater influx due to climate change. We focused on the osmoregulatory capacity, oxidative stress responses, and alterations in the intestinal microbiome of S.

Lack of association between early on-treatment HBeAg seroclearance and development of hepatocellular carcinoma or decompensated cirrhosis.

Background & Aims: The association between hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) seroclearance during long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of HBeAg seroclearance during potent NA treatment with the development of HCC and decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: Using a multicenter historical cohort including 2,392 non-cirrhotic adult patients with HBeAg-positive CHB who initiated NA treatment with tenofovir or entecavir, the risk of HCC and decompensated cirrhosis was compared between patients who achieved HBeAg seroclearance within 36 months of NA treatment (the HBeAg-loss group) and those who did not (the HBeAg-maintained group), using inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Effects of red-light irradiation and melatonininjection on the antioxidant capacity and occurrence of apoptosis in abalones (Haliotis discus hannai) subjected to thermal stress.

High ocean temperatures caused by global warming induce oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. Melatonin treatment and irradiation using red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been reported to reduce oxidative stress in a few aquatic organisms. However, the effects of red LED irradiation and melatonin injection on the antioxidant capacity and degree of apoptosis in abalones, which are nocturnal organisms, have not yet been reported.

Melatonin injection and red light irradiation affect the antioxidant response and cell damage in disk abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) exposed to high water temperatures.

The effects of red light-emitting diode (LED) light irradiation (630 nm, 0.5 W/m) and melatonin (10 and 10M) on oxidative stress and physiological responses in abalones exposed to high temperatures (28°C) were investigated. Changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of melatonin receptor (MT-R), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and antioxidant enzymes, as well as alterations in HO levels in the hemolymph, were examined.

Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment when switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide: A real-world multicenter cohort study.

Aim: Antiviral treatment reduces the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the preventive effects of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on HCC. We evaluated the impact of TAF use after curative treatment on HCC recurrence.

Comparison of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis.

Background/aim: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib are currently available as first-line therapy for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, comparative efficacy studies are still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of these treatments in HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT).

Toxic effects of polystyrene microbeads and benzo[α]pyrene on bioaccumulation, antioxidant response, and cell damage in goldfish Carassius auratus.

Microplastics (MP) are harmful, causing stress in aquatic species and acting as carriers of hydrophobicity. In aquatic environments, benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that accumulates in the body and causes toxic reactions in living organisms. We investigated the effects of single and combined microbead (MB) and BaP environments on goldfish antioxidant response and apoptosis.

Exposure to bisphenol A and fiber-type microplastics induce oxidative stress and cell damage in disk abalone Haliotis discus hannai: Bioaccumulation and toxicity.

Along with environmental pollution caused by rapid economic development and industrialization, plastic waste is emerging as a global concern in relation to marine ecosystems and human health. Among the microplastics, fiber-type microfibers (MF) and bisphenol A (BPA), which are widely used as plasticizers, do not decompose well in the ocean, and tend to accumulate in organisms, generating an increased oxidative stress response. This study investigated the abalones' antioxidant and cell death responses following exposure to the environmental pollutants MF and BPA.

Effects of microfiber and bead microplastic exposure in the goldfish Carassius auratus: Bioaccumulation, antioxidant responses, and cell damage.

We confirmed antioxidant-related gene expression, bioaccumulation, and cell damage following exposure to various microplastics in vivo and in vitro in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Exposure of C. auratus to a 500 µm fiber-type microplastic environment (MF; 10 and 100 fibers/L) and two sizes (0.

Micro-polystyrene plastic and benzo[α]pyrene exposure affects the endocrine system and causes physiological stress in Carassius auratus.

Microplastics, owing to their hydrophobic properties and the various chemicals used in their production, can act as carriers of persistent organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, we exposed the goldfish Carassius auratus to benzo[α]pyrene (BaP, 10 μg/L), a representative PAH, and micro-polystyrene plastic (MP; 10 and 100 beads/L), of size 1.0 μm, as a single or complex environmental stressor, and evaluated the stress response and the resulting DNA damage.

Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Disk Abalone () Caused by Water Temperature and pH Changes.

Ocean warming and acidification can induce oxidative stress in marine species, resulting in cellular damage and apoptosis. However, the effects of pH and water temperature conditions on oxidative stress and apoptosis in disk abalone are poorly understood. This study investigated, for the first time, the effects of different water temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C) and pH levels (7.

Toxicity response to benzo[α]pyrene exposure: Modulation of immune parameters of the bay scallop, Argopectenirradians.

Bay scallops were exposed to four BaP concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 10 and 50 μg/L) for 72 h to elucidate their immune response.

Water Hardness Can Reduce the Accumulation and Oxidative Stress of Zinc in Goldfish, .

We investigated the changes in toxicity stress in goldfish, , under exposure to different concentrations of Zn and water hardness for 14 days. We analyzed the changes in water hardness and Zn accumulation after exposure. To investigate the stress levels, the expression of metallothionein, caspase-3 activity, NO activity, and total antioxidant capacity were detected.

Effect of low pH and salinity conditions on the antioxidant response and hepatocyte damage in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus.

Climate change due to increasing CO emissions results in the increase in water temperatures, which is accompanied by the decrease in pH and salinity levels of the ocean. Ocean acidification reflects the gradual pH reduction due to changes in the carbon chemistry, which is caused by the increase in anthropogenic CO emissions. The subsequent changes in the water temperatures and carbon chemistry of the oceans affect the survival and distribution of aquatic animals.

Exogenous cortisol and red light irradiation affect reproductive parameters in the goldfish Carassius auratus.

Reproductive hormones play essential roles in the control of reproduction and gonadal maturation in fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cortisol administration (10 µg/g or 50 µg/g) or red light irradiation at two intensities (0.5 W/m or 1.