Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Distance from Haptic to Principal Object Plane.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of the distance from the most-anterior surface of the optic to the principal object plane (POP) and from the foremost haptic to the principal object plane (H-POP) on the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Setting: A tertiary hospital.

Design: Optical simulation and retrospective cross-sectional study.

Development of Ocular Muscle Stimulation Systems and Optimization of Electrical Stimulus Parameters for Paralytic Strabismus Treatment.

Paralysis of the extraocular muscles can lead to complications such as strabismus, diplopia, and loss of stereopsis. Current surgical treatments aim to mitigate these issues by resecting the paralyzed muscle or transposing the other recti muscles to the paralyzed muscle, but they do not fully improve the patient's quality of life. Electrical stimulation shows promise, while requiring further in vivo experiments and research on various stimulation parameters.

Effect of Classroom Illuminance on the Development and Progression of Myopia in School Children.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of classroom illuminance on the development and progression of myopia in elementary school children.

Methods: The daylight factor, a ratio of inside and outside illuminance, was obtained in 50 elementary schools. The firstgrade students in the school with the lowest daylight (LD) factor (LD school, 145 subjects; 0.

Clinical factors affecting the rate of exodrift after surgery in patients with basic intermittent exotropia.

We investigated the period of postoperative exodrift during follow-up and clinical factors that affect the rate of exodrift after surgery in the patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT). A retrospective review of medical records of patients with exodrift who underwent bilateral rectus recession for IXT was performed. Exodrift was defined as angle of deviation greater than 10 prism diopters (PD) at distance and near.

Vertical Optokinetic Stimulation Induces Diagonal Eye Movements in Patients with Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus.

Purpose: In patients with early ocular misalignment and nystagmus, vertical optokinetic stimulation reportedly increases the horizontal component of the nystagmus present during fixation, resulting in diagonal eye movements. We tested patients with infantile nystagmus syndrome but normal ocular alignment to determine if this crosstalk depends on strabismus.

Methods: Eye movements were recorded in seven patients with infantile nystagmus.

Papilledema from gain-of-function mutations in the STAT3 gene.

Background: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) gain-of-function germline mutations are associated with diverse clinical manifestations, including autoimmune cytopenia, lymphadenopathy, immunodeficiency, endocrinopathy, and enteropathy. We describe a new feature: raised intracranial pressure with papilledema.

Materials And Methods: Report of two cases.

Adhesion after Y-split procedure can affect its mechanism for treating overshoots in Duane's syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the extent of adhesion and changes in the Y configuration after the Y-split procedure, compared with the posterior fixation suture.

Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. The 10-mm Y-split procedure was performed in the superior rectus muscle (SR) of one eye, and the 10-mm posterior fixation suture was made in the SR of the other eye.

Esodeviation without correction for tapering hyperopia in refractive accommodative esotropia.

Objective: To investigate clinical features for prescription of tapered hyperopia in patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET).

Methods: The clinical features in patients with RAET who began tapering of hyperopia were analyzed. Within a range that can sustain corrected visual acuity and stereoacuity, patients were prescribed for tapered hyperopic correction by 0.

Effect of Ambient Light Exposure on Ocular Fatigue during Sleep.

Background: To investigate the influence of nocturnal ambient light on visual function and ocular fatigue.

Methods: Sixty healthy subjects (30 men and 30 women) aged 19 through 29 years with no history of ocular disease were recruited. All subjects spent 3 consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory.

Use of the Posterior/Anterior Corneal Curvature Radii Ratio to Improve the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation: Eom's Adjustment Method.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of IOL power calculation using adjusted corneal power according to the posterior/anterior corneal curvature radii ratio.

Methods: Nine hundred twenty-eight eyes from 928 reference subjects and 158 eyes from 158 cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery were enrolled. Adjusted corneal power of cataract patients was calculated using the fictitious refractive index that was obtained from the geometric mean posterior/anterior corneal curvature radii ratio of reference subjects and adjusted anterior and predicted posterior corneal curvature radii from conventional keratometry (K) using the posterior/anterior corneal curvature radii ratio.

Vision Improvement with Refractive Correction Does Not Completely Exclude Major Eye Diseases: Analyses of Visually Impaired South Korean Population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2011.

Purpose: To investigate the association between vision improvement with refractive correction in the visually impaired eyes and the prevalence of ocular comorbidities in the South Korean population.

Materials And Methods: The data of 24,620 individuals in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2009-2011) were reviewed. Visual impairment was defined as a presenting visual acuity < 20/60.

Clinical Features and Surgical Outcome of Triad Exotropia.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and surgical outcome of A-pattern exotropia combined with dissociated vertical deviation and superior oblique overaction.

Methods: The medical records of patients with A-pattern exotropia combined with dissociated vertical deviation and superior oblique overaction who underwent horizontal muscle surgery alone or in combination with superior oblique muscle weakening surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their surgery: the horizontal muscle surgery alone group and the horizontal muscle surgery with bilateral superior oblique weakening surgery (combined surgery) group.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Use of Eye Care Services in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012.

Purpose: To estimate the factors and prevalence of eye care service utilization in the South Korean population.

Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study included data from 22,550 Koreans aged ≥5 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012. For people aged 5 to 11 years (young children), information was based on self-reports of contact with eye care service in the past year; for people aged ≥12 years (older population), the information was based on the self-reported lifetime contact with eye care service.

Effects of Head-Mounted Display on the Oculomotor System and Refractive Error in Normal Adolescents.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical effects of head-mounted display on the refractive error and oculomotor system in normal adolescents.

Methods: Sixty volunteers (age: 13 to 18 years) watched a three-dimensional movie and virtual reality application of head-mounted display for 30 minutes. The refractive error (diopters [D]), angle of deviation (prism diopters [PD]) at distance (6 m) and near (33 cm), near point of accommodation, and stereoacuity were measured before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after watching the head-mounted display.

Visual Discomfort While Viewing Three-dimensional Television as a Screening Tool for Pediatric Eye Diseases in Children.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of evaluating 3D asthenopia and 3D perception difficulty for screening of binocular vision abnormalities in children.

Methods: Patients aged 6-12 years with abnormal binocularity, including strabismus, amblyopia, and anisometropia, were included. Age-matched normal subjects without any ophthalmologic abnormality other than a refractive error were also recruited.

Clinical exhibition of increased accommodative loads for binocular fusion in patients with basic intermittent exotropia.

Background: To investigate the accommodative loads change needed to maintain binocular fusion in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with basic IXT and 15 normal controls were recruited. The WAM-5500 autorefractor (GrandSeiko, Fukuyama, Japan) was used to measure refractive error (D) under binocular and monocular viewing conditions at 6 m, 50 cm, 33 cm and 20 cm.

Cognitive functions and stereopsis in patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease using 3-dimensional television: a case controlled trial.

Stereopsis or depth perception is an awareness of the distances of objects from the observer, and binocular disparity is a necessary component of recognizing objects through stereopsis. In the past studies, patients with neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer dementia, AD; Parkinson's disease IPD) have problems of stereopsis but they did not have actual stimulation of stereopsis. Therefore in this study, we used a 3-dimensional (3D) movie on 3D television (TV) for actual stereopsis stimulation.

Effect of watching 3-dimensional television on refractive error in children.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of watching 3-dimensional (3D) television (TV) on refractive error in children.

Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers, aged 6 to 12 years, without any ocular abnormalities other than refractive error were recruited for this study. They watched 3D TV for 50 minutes at a viewing distance of 2.

A nationwide population-based study of low vision and blindness in South Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of low vision and blindness in the Korean population.

Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study examined the ophthalmologic data of 22,135 Koreans aged ≥5 years from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010-2012). According to the World Health Organization criteria, blindness was defined as visual acuity (VA) less than 20/400 in the better-seeing eye, and low vision as VA of 20/60 or worse but 20/400 or better in the better-seeing eye.

Stability of Y-splitting procedure combined with hang-back recession of the rectus muscle in rabbit eyes.

Background: The Y-splitting procedure has been used both to treat up-shoots and down-shoots in Duane syndrome, and as a substitute for posterior fixation suture. The Y-split is often performed in conjunction with a hang-back recession when a large amount of recession or an adjustable suture is necessary. Herein, we evaluated the stability of Y-splitting hang-back recession in the rectus muscle.

Effects of interpupillary distance on stereoacuity: the Frisby Davis distance stereotest versus a 3-dimensional distance stereotest.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of interpupillary distance (IPD) on stereoacuity using 2 kinds of stereoacuity tests in a normal population.

Methods: The distance stereoacuities of 33 healthy volunteers with no evidence of ocular diseases were measured with the Frisby Davis distance (FD2) stereotest and a 3-dimensional monitor-based distance stereotest (distance 3-D stereotest). These 2 kinds of stereotests were repeated using horizontal periscopes to increase the IPD 2- and 3-fold in order to investigate the effect of IPD increase on stereoacuity.

3D asthenopia in horizontal deviation.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the asthenopic symptoms in patients with exotropia and esotropia while watching stereoscopic 3D (S3D) television (TV).

Methods: A total 77 subjects who more than 9 years of age were enrolled in this study. We divided them into three groups; Thirty-four patients with exodeviation (Exo group), 11 patients with esodeviation (Eso group) and 32 volunteers with normal binocular vision (control group).

Three-dimensional display-induced transient myopia and the difference in myopic shift between crossed and uncrossed disparities.

Purpose: To investigate whether three-dimensional (3D) images cause nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) more than 2D images and whether there is any difference between 3D images with crossed and uncrossed disparities in the development of NITM.

Methods: Twenty-five volunteers, enrolled in this study, watched 2D and 3D movies and read 3D texts with crossed and uncrossed disparities for 2 to 3 hours with spectacle correction. The viewing distance was 50 to 70 cm.