Association Between Anticholinergic Drug Use and Febrile Neutropenia Induced by Anticancer Chemotherapy: Analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.

Background/aim: We previously reported that benzodiazepines with anticholinergic effects are a risk factor for infection in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; however, the effects of other anticholinergic drugs and the trend of severe infections, such as febrile neutropenia (FN), have not been investigated. The Japanese Anticholinergic Risk Scale (JARS) was developed by the Japanese Society of Geriatric Pharmacy to screen for potentially inappropriate medications with anticholinergic effects. This study aimed to elucidate the trend of FN induced by anticancer chemotherapy in patients who received anticholinergic drugs listed in the JARS.

Comparison of standard and biweekly trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab regimens in advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) plus bevacizumab (BEV) is a standard third-line therapy for unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. The standard dosing schedule (5 days of administration followed by 2 days off) is associated with a high incidence of severe neutropenia. Conversely, a biweekly dosing schedule (5 days of administration followed by 9 days off) reportedly reduces this incidence.

Impact of cancer type differences on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) incidence in oxaliplatin-based regimens for gastric and colorectal cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: The incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) when using an oxaliplatin-based regimen may vary according to the cancer type. This study compared the occurrence of CINV in patients with gastric or colorectal cancers.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who received oxaliplatin-containing regimens for gastric or colorectal cancer.

Effect of a Biweekly Dosing Schedule on Severe Neutropenia Induced by Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) is a standard treatment for unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. The incidence of grade 3 or higher neutropenia is high with the standard 5-day-on/2-day-off dosing schedule. Previous studies suggest that a 5-day-on/9-day-off (biweekly) schedule is associated with a lower incidence of neutropenia; however, direct comparative evidence is limited.

Impact of renal function on non-hematologic toxicities in mCRC patients treated with TAS-102: a post-hoc analysis of the JASCC-CINV2001 study.

Purpose: Although the efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride (TAS-102) in treating metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is well established, its non-hematologic toxicities in relation to renal function remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of creatinine clearance (Ccr) on non-hematologic toxicities, including nausea and vomiting, in patients with mCRC treated with TAS-102.

Methods: This study was conducted as a post-hoc analysis of the JASCC-CINV2001 study, a multicenter observational study of mCRC patients.

Solvation-Layering-Assisted Formation of Highly Concentrated Colloidal Sub-10-nm-Diameter Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles Using Acetylacetone.

High-solid-concentration colloidal nanoparticles have become increasingly important in various applications. Herein, we report a novel colloidal system of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles in which an organic molecule, acetylacetone, acts as a surface modifier to regulate the solvent layering, allowing highly concentrated dispersion in polar solvents (40 wt %) with optical transparency. The dispersion mechanism was systematically investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance, small-angle X-ray scattering, and acoustic spectroscopy.

Implementation of support meetings for patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy by a multidisciplinary cancer team.

Background: Outpatient chemotherapy is a standard treatment for cancer. In nursing care for outpatients, it is important to enhance patients' self-efficacy. Vicarious experiences that can be gained through interactions with other patients with cancer can be useful for achieving this.

Comparing Injection Site Reactions of Aprepitant and Fosaprepitant in Gynecologic Cancer Chemotherapy.

Background/aim: The frequency rate of injection site reactions (ISR) due to fosaprepitant meglumine (Fos APR) has been shown to vary depending on the types of combined anticancer drug. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of Fos APR on ISR in patients receiving paclitaxel and carboplatin, with and without bevacizumab therapy (TC±Bev).

Patients And Methods: This study focused on patients with gynecologic cancer (n=93) who received TC±Bev administration at Fujita Health University Hospital from March 2016 to February 2020, and monitored up to six cycles.

Prediction Model for Severe Thrombocytopenia Induced by Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin Combination Therapy in Patients with Urothelial Cancer.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia is often a use-limiting adverse reaction to gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) combination chemotherapy, reducing therapeutic intensity, and, in some cases, requiring platelet transfusion.

Objective: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with urothelial cancer at the initiation of GC combination therapy and the objective was to develop a prediction model for the incidence of severe thrombocytopenia using machine learning.

Methods: We performed receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the cut-off values of the associated factors.

The emerging emetogenicity of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS‑102) from patient self-reporting: a multicenter, prospective, observational study.

Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) is an oral anticancer drug with adequate efficacy in unresectable colorectal cancer, but frequently also induces chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). To investigate the occurrence of CINV and antiemetic therapy in patients with colorectal cancer treated with TAS-102 (JASCC-CINV 2001).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, observational study in patients with colorectal cancer who received TAS-102 without dose reduction for the first time.

Factors Affecting the Comprehension of Outpatients Receiving Cancer Chemotherapy.

Pharmaceutical consultation targeting outpatients at the Fujita Health University Hospital (Japan) provides support to patients undergoing anticancer drug treatment. This study aimed to explore factors that affect the comprehension of cancer chemotherapy among outpatients who received cancer treatment at our hospital. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and comprehension was scored on a scale of 1-5 (1, no comprehension; 5, full comprehension).

Early Palliative Care Improves Overall Survival in Patients With Lymphoma: A Single-institution Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: Early palliative care (EPC) intervention in patients with solid tumors can provide many benefits. However, studies on patients with hematological malignancies are limited, and there is no data on patients with lymphoma. We conducted a preliminary retrospective survey of palliative care (PC) intervention in patients with lymphoma to clarify the effect of EPC on overall survival (OS).

Correlation between serum albumin and serum zinc in malignant lymphoma.

Objectives: Zinc (Zn) is a cofactor for more than 200 enzymes within the human body. Zn deficiency can result in cell-mediated immune dysfunction. Furthermore, serum Zn levels have been reported to be associated with nutritional status, but this association has not been clarified in malignant lymphoma.

The Influence of Intervening on the Pharmaceutical Consultation Targeting Outpatients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Erlotinib Treatment.

Erlotinib is used to treat advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the common serious adverse events are skin disorders. The dose intensity of erlotinib should be maintained as much as possible by an appropriate control of adverse events in order to maintain its efficacy. Therefore, the management of these adverse events related to skin disorders would enable a continuous erlotinib treatment without interruption and dose reduction.

Effects of 5-mg dose of olanzapine for breakthrough nausea and vomiting in patients receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy: a prospective trial.

Background: Olanzapine 10 mg is recommended for breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. However, there is a possibility that 5 mg can be expected to be sufficiently effective. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine 5 mg for breakthrough chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Improved Evaluation of Lipid-Rich Plaque at Coronary CT Angiography: Head-to-Head Comparison with Intravascular US.

Purpose: To improve the evaluation of low-attenuation plaque (LAP) by using semiautomated software and to assess whether the use of a proposed automated function (LAP editor) that excludes voxels adjacent to the outer vessel wall improves the relationship between LAP and the presence and size of the lipid-rich component (LRC) verified at intravascular US. At coronary CT angiography, quantification of LAP can improve risk stratification. defined as the area between the vessel and the lumen wall, is prone to partial volume effects from the surrounding pericoronary adipose tissue.

Effect of Obesity on Hematotoxicity Induced by Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Combination Therapy in Patients with Gynecological Cancer.

Despite in vivo studies suggesting that obesity increases carboplatin (CBDCA) bone marrow toxicity, the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends that full weight-based cytotoxic chemotherapy doses be used to treat obese patients with cancer. Accordingly, the present study retrospectively investigated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on bone marrow toxicity in patients with gynecological cancer who underwent paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) therapy after eliminating the effect of the target area under the curve (AUC). Risk factors for CBDCA bone marrow toxicity were also identified.

Risk factors for cancer-associated thrombosis in patients undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose Anticancer agents are known to increase cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) onset. CAT onset rate is reported to be 1.92% in cisplatin-based therapy, 6.

Effect of L-Leucine Therapy on Hematopoietic Function in Elderly Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) often require blood transfusion and anticancer therapy; however, elderly patients are intolerant to the associated side effects of anticancer therapy. Because L-leucine can be used to treat Diamond-Blackfan anemia, which is caused by defects in ribosomal protein (RP) genes, resulting in increased in vivo hemoglobin synthesis, it is possible that some MDS patients who have aberrations in their RP genes could also be effectively treated with L-leucine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-leucine on hematopoietic function (reticulocyte count), red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level in MDS patients.

Standardized volumetric plaque quantification and characterization from coronary CT angiography: a head-to-head comparison with invasive intravascular ultrasound.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the accuracy of standardized total plaque volume (TPV) measurement and low-density non-calcified plaque (LDNCP) assessment from coronary CT angiography (CTA) in comparison with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods: We analyzed 118 plaques without extensive calcifications from 77 consecutive patients who underwent CTA prior to IVUS. CTA TPV was measured with semi-automated software comparing both scan-specific (automatically derived from scan) and fixed attenuation thresholds.

Effect of tube potential and luminal contrast attenuation on atherosclerotic plaque attenuation by coronary CT angiography: In vivo comparison with intravascular ultrasound.

Background: It has been shown that CT attenuation of noncalcified plaques depends on luminal contrast attenuation (LCA). Although tube potential (kilovolt [kV]) has been shown to exert influence on plaque attenuation through LCA as well as its direct effects, in-vivo studies have not investigated plaque attenuation at lower tube potentials less than 120 kV. We sought to evaluate the effect of kV and LCA on thresholds for lipid-rich and fibrous plaques as defined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Transcriptional profile of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

To clarify the molecular mechanism of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME)-induced testicular toxicity, the potential for EGME-related changes in transcript levels of genes including spermatocyte-specific genes was evaluated in the testis of rats given single dosing of EGME at 200, 600, or 2000 mg/kg. Furthermore, the contribution of decreased testicular testosterone on EGME-induced spermatocyte toxicity was investigated by comparing to transcriptional profile due to a testosterone synthesis inhibitor, ketoconazole (KET), at 30 or 300 mg/kg. EGME at 600 mg/kg or more dose-dependently caused testicular toxicity characterized by degeneration and necrosis of spermatocytes at stage VII-XIV seminiferous tubules.

Comparison between hypersensitivity reactions to cycles of modified FOLFOX6 and XELOX therapies in patients with colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Although hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to oxaliplatin (L-OHP) therapy are well-documented, few reports have compared different therapies in terms of HSR occurrence. In this study, we compared the frequency and pattern of HSRs to modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6; 5-fluorouracil, levofolinate calcium and L-OHP infusions) and XELOX (capecitabine and L-OHP) therapies, and sought to identify risk factors associated with HSRs.

Methods: Patients who had received mFOLFOX6 or XELOX chemotherapeutic regimens for unresectable colon or rectal cancer or as adjuvant chemotherapy following colon cancer surgery between April 2012 and August 2015 were included.