Putative transcription factor Nrg1 is involved in the hyphal branching and the cell wall structure formation in the filamentous fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

Nrg1 is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that functions in various cellular processes related to environmental responses and cell wall synthesis in yeast. The present study investigated the function of Nrg1 in filamentous development in the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus for the first time. The Δnrg1 strains exhibited a higher frequency and larger angles of hyphal branching than the wild-type strain, suggesting nrg1 is essential to hyphal branching regulation.

High productivity of cellulase and xylanase enzymes in the mycelial-dispersed Pleurotus ostreatus Δpkac2 strain.

White-rot fungi secrete unique enzymes to degrade plant cell wall components. These enzymes have the potential to improve the effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in a bio-based society. In our previous study, pkac2-disrupted strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were applied for high-density liquid culture by improving mycelial dispersibility.

Spontaneous Regression of Advanced Transverse Colon Cancer: A Case Report.

Introduction: The incidence of spontaneous regression (SR) of malignancy is one in 60000-100000 cancer patients and spontaneous regression in colorectal cancer is quite rare, reported to account for less than 2% of spontaneous regression of malignancy. In recent years, some reports of spontaneous regression in colorectal cancer in patients with high-frequency microsatellite instability have suggested a deep association between high-frequency microsatellite instability and spontaneous regression. We report our experience of spontaneous regression of advanced colorectal cancer with high-frequency microsatellite instability and provide a review of spontaneous regression in colorectal cancer.

Role of putative APSES family transcription factor Swi6 in cell wall synthesis regulation in the agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus.

Clade A APSES family transcription factor Swi6 functions alongside Mbp1 to form the MBF (MluI cell cycle box-binding factor) complex in ascomycetes. In the agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus, Mbp1 plays a crucial role in regulating β-glucan and chitin synthesis; however, the role of Swi6 has not been explored in this fungus. In this study, its involvement in cell wall synthesis regulation was analysed using swi6 disruption strains in P.

Disruption of the pkac2 gene in Pleurotus ostreatus alters cell wall structures and enables mycelial dispersion in liquid culture.

In this study, we developed a mycelial dispersion strain by disrupting the pkac2 gene in the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. pkac2 is a catalytic subunit gene of protein kinase A, which regulates several transcription factors related to cell wall synthesis. Liquid cultures of the Δpkac2 strains showed very high mycelial dispersibility and were visibly different from the wild-type (WT) strain.

Putative APSES family transcription factor mbp1 plays an essential role in regulating cell wall synthesis in the agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus.

The clade A APSES family transcription factors (Mbp1, Swi4, and Swi6) contribute to cell wall synthesis regulation in fungi. Herein, evolutionary relationships among these proteins were clarified by phylogenetic analysis using various ascomycetes and basidiomycetes, and then the detailed function of Mbp1 in cell wall synthesis regulation was analyzed in Pleurotus ostreatus. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mbp1 and Swi6 are widely conserved among various fungi, whereas Swi4 is a protein specific for Saccharomycotina.

Real-world outcomes of stage II and III colorectal cancers treated by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on the mismatch repair status.

Purpose: In Japan, immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins targeted at stage II and III colorectal cancers (CRCs) has been covered by national insurance since October, 2022. This study aimed to clarify the long-term outcomes of patients with stage II and III CRCs receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on their MMR status.

Methods: The outcomes of 640 patients who underwent radical surgery for stage II and III CRCs were analyzed retrospectively.

The effect of Fc region affinity of protein-based antibody-recruiting molecules on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.

Previously, we reported anticancer molecules, Fc-binding antibody-recruiting molecules (Fc-ARMs), which crosslink proteins on cancer cells with endogenous immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) their Fc region. The mobilized IgGs on cancer cells can accommodate natural killer cells to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Because previous Fc-ARMs utilized Fc-binding peptides, their affinity to IgGs is weak, which resulted in the limited induction capability of ADCC.

Right paraduodenal hernia presenting with strangulated obstruction with intestinal malrotation: a case report.

A paraduodenal hernia is a rare cause of an internal hernia that may require massive bowel resection; prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment are essential. In cases of malrotation, strangulation may occur both inside and outside the hernial sac. Strangulation outside the hernial sac makes the preoperative diagnosis more difficult.

Concomitant pancreatic and duodenal metastases 12 years after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a case report.

In selected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, metastasectomy can achieve prolonged survival. Herein we report a patient with concomitant pancreatic and duodenal metastases occurring 12 years after total right nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma. The metastases were successfully treated by a pancreas-sparing duodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.

Functional analysis of basidiomycete specific chitin synthase genes in the agaricomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

Chitin is an essential structural component of fungal cell walls composed of transmembrane proteins called chitin synthases (CHSs), which have a large range of reported effects in ascomycetes; however, are poorly understood in agaricomycetes. In this study, evolutionary and molecular genetic analyses of chs genes were conducted using genomic information from nine ascomycete and six basidiomycete species. The results support the existence of seven previously classified chs clades and the discovery of three novel basidiomycete-specific clades (BI-BIII).

Features of disruption mutants of genes encoding for hydrophobin Vmh2 and Vmh3 in mycelial formation and resistance to environmental stress in Pleurotus ostreatus.

Hydrophobins, which are small-secreted proteins with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, can self-assemble into an amphiphilic film at the air-water interface, helping the fungus to form aerial hyphae. In the agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus, more than 20 putative hydrophobin genes have been predicted. Of these, two hydrophobin genes, vmh2 and vmh3, are predominantly expressed in the vegetative mycelium.

Physiological function of hydrophobin Vmh3 in lignin degradation by white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

Hydrophobins are small-secreted proteins comprising both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, that can self-assemble into an amphiphilic film at the air-liquid interface. More than 20 hydrophobin genes have been estimated in the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. In our previous studies, three hydrophobin genes were shown to be predominantly expressed under ligninolytic conditions, and only vmh3 was downregulated in both the delignification-deficient mutant Δgat1 and Δhir1 strains.

Synthesizing Complex Quaternary Carbons by the Sequence-Regulated Additions of -Alkyl Radicals to Two Different Olefins.

We report the sequence-regulated radical additions of -alkyl radicals to two different olefins controlled by a Cu catalyst, which we term the "atom-transfer radical addition-substitution" reaction. The reactions of α-bromocarbonyl compounds, such as -alkyl radical sources, with methacrylates and styrenes occur in a sequence-regulated manner to give the corresponding three-component product possessing skipped quaternary carbon centers. Our method provides new insight into how to control the reactivities of -alkyl radicals during the synthesis of regulated aliphatic chains.

Long-Term Analysis of Internal Exposure Dose-Reduction Effects by Food Regulation and Food Item Contribution to Dose after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident.

Over 10 years have passed since the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. This study verifies the efficacy of longitudinal regulation on internal exposure doses and analyzes food group contributions to radiation doses using accumulated monitoring test results. The committed effective doses in 10,000 virtual persons from fiscal year (FY) 2012 to 2021, with and without regulation, were estimated as products of radioactivity concentrations randomly sampled from the test results, food intake, and dose coefficient.

[IFN-γ and IL-12 from Concentrated Ascites in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Exerts Growth Inhibitory Effects against Pancreatic Cancer Cells].

Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) often suffer from refractory ascites associated with peritoneal metastasis. This severely impairs activities of daily living and leads to an unfavorable prognosis. Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) has attracted attention as a promising therapy for relieving the symptoms of malignant ascites.

Moesin Serves as Scaffold Protein for PD-L1 in Human Uterine Cervical Squamous Carcinoma Cells.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy targeting the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 axis has emerged as a promising treatment for uterine cervical cancer; however, only a small subset of patients with uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) derives clinical benefit from ICB therapies. Thus, there is an urgent unmet medical need for novel therapeutic strategies to block the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in patients with uterine cervical SCC. Here, we investigated the involvement of ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family scaffold proteins, which crosslink several plasma membrane proteins with the actin cytoskeleton, on the plasma membrane localization of PD-L1 in BOKU and HCS-2 cells derived from human uterine cervical SCC.

Meiotic Silencing in Dothideomycetous .

The filamentous ascomycete is a plant pathogen that causes corn leaf blight and has been used in cytological studies of sexual reproduction. In this fungus, when null mutants of each septin are crossed with the wild-type strain, all ascospores derived from the same asci show abnormal morphology. The phenomenon was remarkably similar to the event known as "ascus dominance" in , which is known to be caused by MSUD (meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA).

Ezrin Contributes to the Plasma Membrane Expression of PD-L1 in A2780 Cells.

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is one of the immune checkpoint molecule localized on the plasma membrane of numerous cancer cells that negatively regulates T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Despite the remarkable efficacy and safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-L1 antibodies, restricted poor therapeutic responses to ICIs are often observed in patients with ovarian cancer. Because higher expression of PD-L1 in advanced ovarian cancer is associated with a decreased survival rate, identifying the potential molecules to regulate the plasma membrane expression of PD-L1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of ICIs against ovarian cancers.

Ezrin Regulates the Cell Surface Localization of PD-L1 in HEC-151 Cells.

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule widely expressed on the surface of cancer cells and is an attractive immunotherapeutic target for numerous cancer cell types. However, patients with endometrial cancer derive little clinical benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy because of their poor response rate. Despite the increasingly important function of PD-L1 in tumor immunology, the mechanism of PD-L1 localization on endometrial cancer cell surfaces is largely unknown.

Phase II Study of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy With S-1 Plus Oxaliplatin for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (PerSeUS-RC01).

Background/aim: We report the end results of a study evaluating the safety and efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin.

Patients And Methods: Eligible patients had histopathologically confirmed locally advanced rectal carcinoma (LARC; cT3-T4, any N). They received oral S-1 (80 mg/m/day on days 1-5, 8-12, 22-26, and 29-33) and oxaliplatin by infusion (50 mg/m/day on days 1, 8, 22, and 29) along with radiotherapy (1.

Contribution of Ezrin on the Cell Surface Plasma Membrane Localization of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 in Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cells.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies targeting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have improved survival in patients with conventional single agent chemotherapy-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). However, many patients are resistant to ICB therapy, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Unraveling the regulatory mechanism for PD-L1 expression may provide a new strategy to improve ICB therapy in patients with GTN.