Sleep medications and alcohol abuse masked sleep apnea syndrome without sleepiness for over 30 years: A case report.

Background: Insomnia is often treated with benzodiazepines, which can lead to long-term use and potential complications, especially if underlying conditions like sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) go undiagnosed. This case report describes a 70-year-old woman with chronic insomnia, benzodiazepine and alcohol abuse, and a previously undiagnosed severe SAS.

Case Presentation: The patient, a 70-year-old woman was admitted for suspected delirium caused by benzodiazepine and alcohol abuse.

Hemodynamic characteristics at baseline and following repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment.

The mechanism underlying the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remains unclear, particularly regarding its impact on different severities of depression. From a personalized treatment perspective, evaluating functional improvements by illness severity is crucial. This study investigated changes in cerebral hemodynamics before and after six weeks of rTMS treatment in 45 patients with depression, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Glial Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Post-Operative Delirium Revealed by Multi-omic Analysis of Brain Tissue from Neurosurgery Patients.

Post-operative delirium (POD) is a common complication after surgery especially in elderly patients, characterized by acute disturbances in consciousness and cognition, which negatively impacts long-term outcomes. Effective treatments remain elusive due to the unclear pathophysiology of POD. To address the knowledge gap, we investigated DNA methylation profiles and gene expression changes in brain cells from POD and non-POD patients who underwent brain resection surgery for medication refractory epilepsy.

The Genome-wide DNA methylation changes in gastrointestinal surgery patients with and without postoperative delirium: Evidence of immune process in its pathophysiology.

Aim: The pathophysiological mechanisms of postoperative delirium (POD) are still unclear, and there is no reliable biomarker to distinguish between those with and without POD. Our aim was to discover DNAm markers associated with POD in blood collected from patients before and after gastrointestinal surgery.

Method: We collected blood samples from 16 patients including 7 POD patients at three timepoints; before surgery (pre), the first and third postoperative days (day1 and day3).

The Bispectral Electroencephalography Method Quantifies Postoperative Delirium-Like States in Young and Aged Male Mice After Head-Mount Implantation Surgery.

Delirium, a syndrome characterized by an acute change in attention, awareness, and cognition, is commonly observed in older adults, although there are few quantitative monitoring methods in the clinical setting. We developed a bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) method capable of detecting delirium and can quantify the severity of delirium using a novel algorithm. Preclinical application of this novel BSEEG method can capture a delirium-like state in mice following lipopolysaccharide administration.

Bispectral EEG (BSEEG) Algorithm Captures High Mortality Risk Among 1,077 Patients: Its Relationship to Delirium Motor Subtype.

Objective: Delirium is dangerous and a predictor of poor patient outcomes. We have previously reported the utility of the bispectral EEG (BSEEG) with a novel algorithm for the detection of delirium and prediction of patient outcomes including mortality. The present study employed a normalized BSEEG (nBSEEG) score to integrate the previous cohorts to combine their data to investigate the prediction of patient outcomes.

Anti-inflammatory medication use associated with reduced delirium risk and all-cause mortality: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between history of anti-inflammatory medication use and delirium risk, as well as long-term mortality.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, subjects recruited between January 2016 and March 2020 were analyzed. Information about anti-inflammatory medication use history including aspirin, NSAIDs, glucosamine, and other anti-inflammatory drugs, was collected.

fNIRS Assessment during an Emotional Stroop Task among Patients with Depression: Replication and Extension.

Objective: Accumulated evidence collected via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been reported with regard to mental disorders. A previous finding revealed that emotional words evoke left frontal cortex activity in patients with depression. The primary aim of the current study was to replicate this finding using an independent dataset and evaluate the brain region associated with the severity of depression using an emotional Stroop task.

Correlation between frontal lobe oxy-hemoglobin and severity of depression assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Introduction: The search for objective biomarkers of psychiatric disorders has a long history. Despite this, no universally accepted instruments or methods to detect biomarkers have been developed. One potential exception is near-infrared spectroscopy, although interpreting the measures of blood flow recorded with this technique remains controversial.

Microarray Analysis of Human Blood During Electroconvulsive Therapy.

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is currently regarded as a significant treatment option for intractable psychiatric disorders, such as catatonic schizophrenia or treatment-resistant depression; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for its therapeutic effect remains obscure.

Methods: Employing microarray analysis (Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array; Affymetrix, United States) of cDNA derived from the peripheral blood of patients with catatonic schizophrenia (n = 5), we detected a significant change in 145 genes (0.