Strategy for ipsilateral multiple concomitant upper extremity fractures in an elderly polytraumatized patient with severe osteoporosis: A case report.

Rationale: Elderly patients with severe osteoporosis present significant challenges in managing multiple concomitant upper extremity fractures, especially when high-energy trauma is involved. The rarity of such cases necessitates a structured approach to achieve optimal outcomes, balancing surgical intervention and early rehabilitation.

Patient Concerns: A 79-year-old woman presented to the emergency department following a severe car accident.

The Association Between Cervical Spine Alignment and Voice Symptoms in Patients With Voice Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Although neck posture can influence voice and phonation by affecting laryngeal positioning, muscle tension, and respiratory dynamics, there is a lack of studies evaluating cervical spine status in patients with voice disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between cervical spine alignment, measured using radiographic parameters, and voice assessment in patients with voice disorders.

Methods: Patients with voice disorders who visited an otolaryngology clinic were prospectively enrolled.

Questioning the Addition of Fluoroquinolone on Mortality in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A multicenter study in Korea.

Background: The use of fluoroquinolone (FQ) combination therapy as empirical treatment for severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its clinical impact.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in seven large university-affiliated hospitals in Korea.

Abnormal Expression of Proteolytic Stress-Related Proteins and Protective Effect of Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Prion Diseases.

Prion diseases are fatal, irreversible, and infectious neurodegenerative diseases caused by proteinase K-resistant prion protein (PrP). Against PrP, several endogenous proteases involved in cellular degradation mechanisms can be activated to remove PrP. However, since PrP shows proteinase K resistance, we presumed that undegradable PrP induces positive feedback on the overactivation of the cellular degradation mechanisms and is correlated with proteolytic stress and exacerbation of the progression of prion diseases.

Therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with glymphatic system activation in prion disease.

There is currently no effective therapy for prion diseases. The glymphatic system is an organized system of perivascular spaces that facilitates the removal of metabolic waste from the brain. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of a combination therapy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and a glymphatic system-activated drug, clonidine, against prion disease.

Biological characteristics and transcriptomic profile of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from prion-infected murine model.

Background: Prion diseases are characterized by accumulation of misfolded host prion proteins (PrP) that produce aggregates in brain tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for prion diseases. However, it has been demonstrated that MSCs maintained and expressed PrP levels following inoculation, raising concerns regarding their safe and effective use in medical applications.

Urine Leukocyte Counts for Differentiating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria From Urinary Tract Infection and Predicting Secondary Bacteremia.

Background: Differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is difficult in patients who have difficulty communicating their symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urine leukocytes in distinguishing between UTI and ASB, and the clinical outcomes of patients with UTI according to the degree of pyuria.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with positive urine cultures between July 2022 and June 2023 at two hospitals.

Predictors of bloodstream infection and its impact on mortality in septic arthritis: A 15-year review.

Background: Septic arthritis is frequently complicated by bloodstream infection (BSI), which can lead to metastatic infections and sepsis. In the current study, we aimed to identify risk factors for septic arthritis-related BSI and assess its impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective review spanning 15 years (January 2009 to May 2023) was conducted on patients diagnosed with septic arthritis.

Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Non-HIV Immunocompromised Patient in Korea: A Review and Algorithm Proposed by Expert Consensus Group.

pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening infection commonly observed in immunocompromised patients, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. This review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various tests used for PJP diagnosis through a comprehensive literature review. Additionally, we propose a diagnostic algorithm tailored to non-human immunodeficiency virus immunocompromised patients, considering the specific characteristics of current medical resources in Korea.

Identification of the Highly Polymorphic Prion Protein Gene () in Frogs ).

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that can be transmitted by infectious protein particles, PrPs, encoded by the endogenous prion protein gene (). The origin of prion seeds is unclear, especially in non-human hosts, and this identification is pivotal to preventing the spread of prion diseases from host animals. Recently, an abnormally high amyloid propensity in prion proteins (PrPs) was found in a frog, of which the genetic variations in the gene have not been investigated.

Nationwide cohort study of primary open angle glaucoma risk and cardiovascular factors among in Korean glaucoma suspects.

This retrospective study investigated the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) among individuals identified as glaucoma suspects and examined associated cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a longitudinal, nationwide cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) and included 362,285 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korean National Health Screening Program (NHSP) without pre-existing POAG in 2009 and 2010. Of these, glaucoma suspects (n = 32,220) were defined as individuals with at least two recorded instances of the KCD code H400 for glaucoma suspect and no prior antiglaucoma medication prescriptions before health screening.

Simultaneous Epigenetic and Gene Expression Profiling at Single Cell Resolution Uncovers Stem-Like Treg Subsets Induced With Oligonucleotide Expansion in Humans.

Tregs play a central role in maintaining immune tolerance. Recent progress in the clinical application of Tregs underscores their potential for cell therapy. Nevertheless, a notable hurdle remains in producing functional Tregs .

First Report of Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of Protein Gene () in Cats.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP) into its infectious isoform (PrP). Although prion diseases in humans, sheep, goats, and cattle have been extensively studied, feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) remains poorly understood. Genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the prion protein gene () and protein gene (), have been linked to prion disease susceptibility in various species.

The first meta-analysis of the G96S single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the prion protein gene () with chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer.

Background: Prion diseases are irreversible infectious neurodegenerative diseases caused by a contagious form of prion protein (PrP). Since chronic wasting disease (CWD)-infected white-tailed deer are strong carriers of the prion seed through corpses via scavenger animals, preemptive control based on genetic information for a culling system is necessary. However, the risk of CWD-related genetic variants has not been fully evaluated.

eHealth Communication Intervention to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Middle-School Girls: Development and Usability Study.

Background: As the age of initiating sexual intercourse has gradually decreased among South Korean adolescents, earlier vaccination of adolescents for human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary before their exposure to HPV. Health communication includes "cues to action" that lead to preventive health behaviors, and recently, social networking services, which operate with fewer time and space constraints, have been used in various studies as a form of eHealth communication.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the feasibility and usability of an eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination in middle-school girls aimed at the girls and their mothers.

Quinolone Use during the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Risk of Atopic Dermatitis, Asthma, and Allergies of Offspring during 2011 to 2020.

Background: Many pregnant women receive antibiotic treatment for infections. We investigated the association between quinolone use in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of adverse health outcomes for the child in Korea.

Materials And Methods: This nationwide, population-based cohort study used data on mother-child pairs from the National Health Insurance claims database.

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Following Long Instrumented Fusion from L1 to Sacrum: Age Itself Does Not Independently Increase the Risk.

This study is a retrospective analysis aimed at understanding the incidence and risk factors of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) following long-instrumented spinal fusion from L1 to the sacrum in patients with mild to moderate sagittal imbalance. It recruited consecutive patients undergoing instrumented fusion from L1 to the sacrum for degenerative lumbar disease between June 2006 and November 2019 in a single institution. The patients' preoperative clinical data, muscle status at T12-L1 on magnetic resonance images, and sagittal spinopelvic parameters were analyzed.

Guidelines for Antibacterial Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections.

This guideline aims to promote the prudent use of antibacterial agents for managing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in clinical practice in Korea. The general section encompasses recommendations for the management of common CRE infections and diagnostics, whereas each specific section is structured with key questions that are focused on antibacterial agents and disease-specific approaches. This guideline covers both currently available and upcoming antibacterial agents in Korea.

Clinical outcome of ampicillin or ampicillin/sulbactam versus glycopeptides in ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis/faecium bacteremia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.

Background: Glycopeptides for ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis/faecium bacteremia are readily prescribed depending on the severity of the condition. However, there is limited data on the outcomes of glycopeptide use compared to ampicillin-containing regimens for ampicillin-susceptible E. faecalis/faecium bacteremia.

Assessment of the therapeutic potential of Hsp70 activator against prion diseases using and models.

Introduction: Prion diseases are deadly neurodegenerative disorders in both animals and humans, causing the destruction of neural tissue and inducing behavioral manifestations. Heat shock proteins (Hsps), act as molecular chaperones by supporting the appropriate folding of proteins and eliminating the misfolded proteins as well as playing a vital role in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis control. SW02 is a potent activator of Hsp 70 kDa (Hsp70).

Overcoming the age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response through hybrid immunity: analysis of humoral and cellular immunity with mass cytometry profiling.

Background: Age-dependent immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BIs) in young and middle-aged individuals are unclear.

Methods: This nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study analyzed immune responses in participants of the ChAdOx1 (ChAd)-ChAd-mRNA vaccine group using cytometry by time-of-flight, anti-spike protein antibody (Sab) and anti-nucleocapsid antibody (Nab) titers, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays at various time points.

Results: We evaluated 347 participants with an average age of 38.

Difference in Baseline Antimicrobial Prescription Patterns of Hospitals According to Participation in the National Antimicrobial Monitoring and Feedback System in Korea.

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the baseline characteristics and patterns of antibiotic usage among hospitals based on their participation in the Korea National Antimicrobial Use Analysis System (KONAS). We obtained claims data from the National Health Insurance for inpatients admitted to all secondary- and tertiary-care hospitals between January 2020 and December 2021 in Korea. 15.