Epidemiologic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of formally identified Echis romani bites in northern Cameroon.

Background: Species of the genus Echis, particularly those of the 'ocellatus' group, are responsible for the majority of snakebite envenomations and deaths in the savannas of sub-Saharan Africa. In a clinical study conducted in Cameroon, we treated a series of patients bitten by formally identified E. romani.

A set of plasmatic microRNA related to innate immune response highly predicts the onset of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in tuberculosis co-infected HIV individuals (ANRS-12358 study).

Background: After initiation of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART), HIV-1/tuberculosis coinfected patients are at high risk of developing tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). MicroRNAs, small molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides, which regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and their profile has been proposed as a biomarker for many diseases. We tested whether the microRNA profile could be a predictive biomarker for TB-IRIS.

Snakebites in Cameroon by Species Whose Effects Are Poorly Described.

Snakes responsible for bites are rarely identified, resulting in a loss of information about snakebites from venomous species whose venom effects are poorly understood. A prospective clinical study including patients bitten by a snake was conducted in Cameroon between 2019 and 2021 to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a marketed polyvalent antivenom. Clinical presentation during the first 3 days of hospitalization was recorded following a standardized protocol.

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants after in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA-COVID-19 vaccine compared with unexposed infants: a COVI-PREG prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Data are lacking regarding the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 mRNA vaccine on infants exposed in utero. We aimed to evaluate the neurodevelopment of infants exposed prenatally to SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA-COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy at 12 months after birth.

Methods: Infants born to mothers exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA-COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, or unexposed to either the virus or the vaccine were enrolled from 2021 to 2023.

Levels and functionality of Pacific Islanders' hybrid humoral immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination and delta/omicron infection: A cohort study in New Caledonia.

Background: Pacific Islanders are underrepresented in vaccine efficacy trials. Few studies describe their immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. Yet, this characterization is crucial to re-enforce vaccination strategies adapted to Pacific Islanders singularities.

Snakebites in Cameroon: Tolerance of a Snake Antivenom (Inoserp™ PAN-AFRICA) in Africa in Real-Life Conditions.

Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a public health issue in sub-Saharan countries. Antivenom is the only etiological treatment. Excellent tolerance is essential in managing SBE successfully.

Increased threat of urban arboviral diseases from mosquitoes in Colombia.

Objectives: Our study targets the potential of the local urban mosquito to experimentally transmit chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV).

Methods: We collected eggs and adults of in Medellín, Colombia (from February to March 2020) for mosquito experimental infections with DENV, CHIKV, YFV and ZIKV and viral detection using the BioMark Dynamic arrays system.

Results: We show that from Medellín was more prone to become infected, to disseminate and transmit CHIKV and ZIKV than DENV and YFV.

Unravelling the determinants of human health in French Polynesia: the MATAEA project.

Background: French Polynesia is a French overseas collectivity in the Southeast Pacific, comprising 75 inhabited islands across five archipelagoes. The human settlement of the region corresponds to the last massive migration of humans to empty territories, but its timeline is still debated. Despite their recent population history and geographical isolation, inhabitants of French Polynesia experience health issues similar to those of continental countries.

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of : an observational study in France.

Background: Large-scale studies are needed to clarify antimicrobial resistance in the foodborne pathogen () and the effectiveness of listeriosis treatment options. Here we examined the antimicrobial resistance patterns in over time and assessed genotype-phenotype concordances.

Methods: We analyzed 5339 isolates (2908 clinical and 2431 food isolates) collected in France and overseas territories, between 2012 and 2019.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and associated factors of infection before and after the Delta wave in French Polynesia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: French Polynesia (FP) comprises 75 inhabited islands scattered across five archipelagos. Between July and October 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant triggered a much stronger second epidemic wave in FP than the original Wuhan strain, which was dominant from August 2020 to March 2021. Although previous seroprevalence surveys made it possible to determine the proportion of the population infected by SARS-CoV-2 on the two most populated islands (Tahiti and Moorea) after the first (20.

Prevalence of HIV drug resistance among adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon with low- or high-level viraemia.

Objectives: To characterize HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) below and above the WHO threshold of 1000 copies/mL, considered for the definition of HIV ART failure in resource-limited settings.

Methods: From a cohort of 280 adolescents (aged 10-19 years) receiving ART for at least 6 months, genotypic resistance testing (GRT) was attempted for two groups of participants: participants with low-level viraemia [LLV; viral load (VL) 200-999 copies/mL] and those in virological failure (VF; confirmed VL ≥1000 copies/mL) using an in-house method. The Stanford HIValg Program was used to identify relevant HIVDR mutations and predict the efficacy of the newly introduced tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir combination.

Natural Killer Repertoire Restoration in TB/HIV Co-Infected Individuals Experienced an Immune Reconstitution Syndrome (CAMELIA Trial, ANRS 12153).

IRIS is a common complication in HIV-infected patients treated for tuberculosis (TB) and cART. Our aim was to evaluate NK cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients with TB-IRIS compared to those without IRIS. 147 HIV-infected patients with TB from the CAMELIA trial were enrolled.

Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 intra-household child-to-parent transmission associated with ventilation: results from a case-control study.

Purpose: Our objective was to describe circumstances of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission and to identify factors associated with a lower risk of transmission in a nationwide case-control study in France.

Methods: In a descriptive analysis, we analysed cases reporting transmission from someone in the household (source case). Index cases could invite a non-infected household member to participate as a related control.

Injecting drug use increases the risk of death in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic remains a major public health issue worldwide. In Vietnam, the HIV epidemic is essentially driven by people who inject drugs (PWID). This study aims to compare mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU) between PWID and other patients.

Acceptance of diagnosis and management satisfaction of patients with "suspected Lyme borreliosis" after 12 months in a multidisciplinary reference center: a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Because patients with a "suspicion of Lyme borreliosis (LB)" may experience medical wandering and difficult care paths, often due to misinformation, multidisciplinary care centers were started all over Europe a few years ago. The aim of our study was to prospectively identify the factors associated with the acceptance of diagnosis and management satisfaction of patients, and to assess the concordance of the medical health assessment between physicians and patients 12 months after their management at our multidisciplinary center.

Methods: We included all adults who were admitted to the Tick-Borne Diseases Reference Center of Paris and the Northern Region (TBD-RC) (2017-2020).

Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a multi-omics approach of temperature-induced changes in the mosquito.

Background: Climate change and globalization contribute to the expansion of mosquito vectors and their associated pathogens. Long spared, temperate regions have had to deal with the emergence of arboviruses traditionally confined to tropical regions. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported for the first time in Europe in 2007, causing a localized outbreak in Italy, which then recurred repeatedly over the years in other European localities.

Viral load suppression in HIV-infected adolescents in cameroon: towards achieving the UNAIDS 95% viral suppression target.

Background: Achieving the UNAIDS 95% sustained viral suppression (VS) rate requires considerable global efforts, particularly among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) who are often associated with high rates of virological failure (VF). In this study, we prospectively assessed the rate of VS, and the factors associated with VF in a cohort of adolescents followed up according to the WHO guidelines in Cameroon.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2021 among adolescents (aged 10-19 years) receiving ART in the national program in Cameroon.

Assessment of HIV viral load monitoring in remote settings in Vietnam - comparing people who inject drugs to the other patients.

Introduction: Increasing access to viral load (VL) monitoring is essential to fight HIV epidemics. In remote settings in Vietnam, using dried blood spot (DBS) sampling for specimen collection could improve the situation. Here, people who inject drugs (PWID) represent many newly antiretroviral therapy (ART)-initiated patients.

Performances of Dried Blood Spots and Point-of-Care Devices to Identify Virological Failure in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To broaden access to HIV viral load monitoring (VLM), the use of blood samples from dried blood spots (DBS) or point-of-care (POC) devices, could be of great help in settings where plasma is not easily accessible. The variety of assays available makes the choice complex. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of DBS and POC devices to identify patients in virological failure using World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations (viral load ≥1000 copies/mL), compared with plasma, for the assays currently available.

Prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D virus infection in Haiti: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Viral hepatitis causes an important global health burden. In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted an objective to globally eliminate this as a public health threat by 2030. However, significant gaps exist between countries in their progress.

Olfactory outcomes in Zika virus-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, little is known about the consequence of ZIKV infection on olfaction in humans.

Methods: Immediately before the COVID-19 outbreak, we prospectively investigated the olfactory capacities of 19 patients with ZIKV-associated GBS from the French West Indies and compared them to nine controls from the same population, with GBS of similar severity but independent of ZIKV infection.

Multidisciplinary Management of Suspected Lyme Borreliosis: Clinical Features of 569 Patients, and Factors Associated with Recovery at 3 and 12 Months, a Prospective Cohort Study.

. Because patients with a suspicion of Lyme borreliosis (LB) may have experienced difficult care paths, the Tick-Borne Diseases Reference Center (TBD-RC) was started in 2017. The aim of our study was to compare the clinical features of patients according to their final diagnoses, and to determine the factors associated with recovery in the context of multidisciplinary management for suspected LB.

Excess risk of subsequent infection in hospitalized children from a community cohort study in Cambodia and Madagascar.

Background: Children in low- and middle-income countries are particularly vulnerable in the months following an initial health event (IHE), with increased risk of mortality caused mostly by infectious diseases. Due to exposure to a wide range of environmental stressors, hospitalization in itself might increase child vulnerability at discharge. The goal of this study was to disentangle the role of hospitalization on the risk of subsequent infection.