Research advances in the regulatory mechanisms of root apoplast on mineral nutrition of plants.

Apoplast, composed of intercellular spaces, cell walls, and xylem vessels, plays a crucial role in nutrient transport, water transport, and cellulose synthesis, which also serves as a defense mechanism under stress. Mineral nutrients regulate the physiological and biochemical processes in plants and play a crucial role in the normal development of plants. Through its unique physical structure and chemical composition, root apoplast facilitates the absorption and translocation of mineral nutrients, including those typically difficult for plants to assimilate.

Clonal Characteristics of Circulating B Lymphocyte Repertoire in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by elevated serum anti-mitochondrial Ab and lymphocyte-mediated bile duct damage. This study was designed to reveal the clonal characteristics of B lymphocyte repertoire in patients with PBC to facilitate better understanding of its pathogenesis and better management of these patients. Using high-throughput sequencing of Ig genes, we analyzed the repertoire of circulating B lymphocytes in 43 patients with PBC, and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.