Artificial intelligence in clinical thrombosis and hemostasis: A review.

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming hemostasis and thrombosis care, with applications spanning disease detection, risk assessment, laboratory testing, patient education, personalized medicine, and drug development. This narrative review explores AI's clinical utility and limitations across these 6 domains.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus (up to February 2025) was conducted using terms related to AI, thrombosis, and hemostasis.

Barriers and facilitators of physical activity and exercise among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore - A mixed-methods sequential explanatory study mapped to the COM-B model, theoretical domains framework and behavioural change wheel.

Aims: Exercise is a cornerstone in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. This study investigates physical activity, its barriers, and facilitators among adults with T2DM in Singapore.

Methods: In Phase I of this sequential explanatory mixed-methods study, participants with T2DM were recruited to complete the Physical Activity Stage of Change Questionnaire and were examined for metabolic profiles, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (via a 3-min step test) across different stages of change.

The Interplay Between Immunity, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.

The endothelium is pivotal in multiple physiological processes, such as maintaining vascular homeostasis, metabolism, platelet function, and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence in the past decade highlighted the immunomodulatory function of endothelium, serving as a link between innate, adaptive immunity and inflammation. This review examines the regulation of the immune-inflammatory axis by the endothelium, discusses physiological immune functions, and explores pathophysiological processes leading to endothelial dysfunction in various metabolic disturbances, including hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia.

An Asian monogenic diabetes registry: prevalence, long-term renal trajectory and development of a diagnostic algorithm for selection of candidates for genetic testing.

Introduction: Through the National Healthcare Group-Khoo Teck Puat Hospital Monogenic Diabetes Registry, we aimed to determine the prevalence and spectrum of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), describe the long-term renal trajectory of major MODY subtypes, and develop a diagnostic algorithm based on a combination of clinical parameters and biomarkers to refine selection of candidates for genetic testing.

Methods: A total of 373 study participants attending secondary care diabetes centres in Singapore were referred for genetic testing. Key inclusion criteria for genetic testing included onset age ≤35 years, body mass index <32.

Novel Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Look at the Past Decade and a Glimpse into the Future.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Globally, the incidence of T2DM continues to rise. A substantial increase in the burden of CVD and renal disease, alongside the socioeconomic implications, would be anticipated.

Advancements in risk stratification and management strategies in primary cardiovascular prevention.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for advancements in risk assessment and management strategies. Although significant progress has been made recently, identifying and managing apparently healthy individuals at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis and those with subclinical atherosclerosis still poses significant challenges. Traditional risk assessment tools have limitations in accurately predicting future events and fail to encompass the complexity of the atherosclerosis trajectory.

Clinical trials on the pharmacological treatment of long COVID: A systematic review.

The postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC), also known as post-acute coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) or the long COVID syndrome (long COVID) is an emerging public health concern. A substantial proportion of individuals may remain symptomatic months after initial recovery. An updated review of published and ongoing trials focusing on managing long COVID will help identify gaps and address the unmet needs of patients suffering from this potentially debilitating syndrome.

A head-to-head comparison between Guardian Connect and FreeStyle Libre systems and an evaluation of user acceptability of sensors in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: A user-calibrated real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) system is compared to a factory-calibrated flash glucose monitoring (FGM) system and assessed in terms of accuracy and acceptability in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Ten participants with T1D were enroled from a specialist diabetes centre in Singapore and provided with the Guardian Connect with Enlite Sensor (Medtronic, Northridge, CA, USA) and first-generation Freestyle Libre System (Abbott Diabetes Care, Witney, UK), worn simultaneously. Participants had to check capillary blood glucose four times per day.

Subclinical phaeochromocytoma: a diagnostic and management challenge.

There is a paradigm shift in the detection of phaeochromocytomas with more being identified as adrenal 'incidentalomas'. While majority of these individuals are asymptomatic, they are nevertheless at risk of subtle cardiovascular dysfunction and phaeochromocytoma crises. Therefore, early resection of phaeochromocytomas, even if subclinical, is recommended.

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Graves' Disease: A Report of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Context And Objective: Thyroid autoimmunity has been reported to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recently. We report a series of patients who presented with new onset or relapse of Graves' disease-related hyperthyroidism shortly after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine at a single tertiary institution in Singapore.

Methods And Results: We describe 12 patients who developed hyperthyroidism within a relatively short interval (median onset, 17 [range, 5-63] days) after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

Dissecting the interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that is caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Data from several countries have shown higher morbidity and mortality among individuals with chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore the contributing factors for poorer prognosis in these individuals.

Understanding patients' perspective of statin therapy: can we design a better approach to the management of dyslipidaemia? A literature review.

Introduction: Dyslipidaemia leads to atherosclerosis and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In clinical trials, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, have been shown to effectively reduce dyslipidaemia. Despite the availability and accessibility of statins, myocardial infarctions and cerebrovascular accidents remain among the top causes of mortality in developed countries, including Singapore.