Genetic liability to gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines in relation to systemic lupus erythematosus risk: a multi-omics study.

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with gut microbiota in some studies. There is no clear evidence that cytokines act as mediators.

Methods: We first assessed the differences in gut microbiota between SLE patients and healthy controls using 16S rDNA sequencing.