Intermittent time-restricted eating may increase autophagic flux in humans: an exploratory analysis.

Autophagy slows age-related pathologies and is stimulated by nutrient restriction in animal studies. However, this has never been shown in humans. We measured autophagy using a physiologically relevant measure of autophagic flux (flux of MAP1LC3B isoform II/LC3B-II in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the context of whole blood) in 121 humans with obesity who were randomised to standard care (SC, control condition), calorie restriction (CR) or intermittent fasting plus time-restricted eating (iTRE) for 6 months.

Comparing the effectiveness of calorie restriction with and without time-restricted eating on the circadian regulation of metabolism: rationale and protocol of a three-arm randomised controlled trial in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) may extend the cardiometabolic health benefits of calorie restriction (CR). However, few studies have compared its effect on the circadian regulation of glucose metabolism and the optimal time of day to initiate TRE is also unclear. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of CR with and without TRE on glucose tolerance in response to 3 identical meals consumed over the day.

Effect of time restricted eating versus current practice in dietetics on glycaemic control and cardio-metabolic outcomes in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: Protocol for a multi-centre, parallel group, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Time restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary strategy that may improve metabolic health. However, no studies have compared TRE with current practice (CP) in dietetics.

Hypothesis: TRE will not be inferior to CP to improve glycaemic control in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Assessing the influence of preconception diet on male fertility: a systematic scoping review.

Background: The last decade has seen increased research on the relationship between diet and male fertility, but there are no clearly defined nutritional recommendations for men in the preconception period to support clinical fertility outcomes.

Objective And Rationale: The purpose of this scoping review is to examine the extent and range of research undertaken to evaluate the effect(s) of diet in the preconception period on male clinical fertility and reproductive outcomes.

Search Methods: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid, CAB Direct, and CINAHL via EBSCO) were searched from inception to July 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (prospective/retrospective, case-control, and cross-sectional).

A qualitative exploration of behaviour change and maintenance experience in people with overweight or obesity in a dietary intervention.

Aim: This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of participants who were enrolled in 6-month controlled weight loss interventions with 2-month follow-up to better understand the process of behaviour change and maintenance.

Methods: Fifteen participants who completed or dropped out from either a daily energy restriction or intermittent fasting group were recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted at the 2-month follow-up phase.

Effects of an Unripe Avocado Extract on Glycaemic Control in Individuals with Obesity: A Double-Blinded, Parallel, Randomised Clinical Trial.

Background: Unripe avocados () are naturally enriched in mannoheptulose (MH), which is a candidate caloric restriction mimetic.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a diet supplement made from unripe avocado on glucose tolerance, and cardiometabolic risk factors in free-living nondiabetic adults with obesity.

Methods: In a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 60 adults (female n = 47, age 48 ± 13 years, BMI 34.

Basal autophagic flux measured in blood correlates positively with age in adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Preclinical data show that autophagy delays age-related disease. It has been postulated that age-related disease is-at least in part-caused by an age-related decline in autophagy. However, autophagic flux has never been measured in humans across a spectrum of aging in a physiologically relevant context.

Intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating versus calorie restriction and standard care in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

Intermittent fasting appears an equivalent alternative to calorie restriction (CR) to improve health in humans. However, few trials have considered applying meal timing during the 'fasting' day, which may be a limitation. We developed a novel intermittent fasting plus early time-restricted eating (iTRE) approach.

Time-restricted eating improves glycemic control and dampens energy-consuming pathways in human adipose tissue.

Objective: We sought to examine the effects of 8 wk of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glucose metabolism and the adipose tissue transcriptome during a metabolic ward stay in men with obesity.

Methods: In a single-arm, pre-post trial, 15 men (ages 63 ± 4 y, body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.

Evidence gaps and potential roles of intermittent fasting in the prevention of chronic diseases.

Moderate calorie restriction (CR) has long been recognized to reduce the risk of chronic diseases that are associated with obesity and aging. Intermittent fasting (IF) has recently emerged as a viable alternative to daily CR to reduce risk markers of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The majority of trials have shown that IF provides similar metabolic and weight benefits to CR, although a few suggest that IF maybe superior to CR.

Eating architecture in adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes: associations with body fat and glycaemic control.

Eating architecture is a term that describes meal frequency, meal timing and meal size and the daily variation in each of these. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between components of eating architecture on body fat and markers of glycaemic control in healthy adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Participants ( 73, 39 males, age 58·8 (8·1) years, BMI 33·4 (4·4) kg/m) recorded food intake and wore accelerometers and continuous glucose monitors (CGM) for 7-14 d under free-living conditions.

Eight weeks of intermittent fasting versus calorie restriction does not alter eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, quality of life and cognitive performance in women with overweight.

Human trials that compare intermittent fasting (IF) to calorie restriction (CR) with psychological, behavioral and cognition outcomes are limited. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between CR and IF on perceived eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, quality of life (QOL) and cognition in women with overweight and obesity. In this prespecified secondary analysis of an open-label, single center, parallel assignment, randomized controlled trial, healthy women with overweight or obesity (N = 46, mean [SD] age 50 [9] years, BMI 32.

Measurement of autophagic flux in humans: an optimized method for blood samples.

Autophagic flux is a critical cellular process that is vastly under-appreciated in terms of its importance to human health. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that reductions in autophagic flux cause cancer and exacerbate chronic diseases, including heart disease and the pathological hallmarks of dementia. Autophagic flux can be increased by targeting nutrition-related biochemical signaling.

Rationale and protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing daily calorie restriction versus intermittent fasting to improve glycaemia in individuals at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) is proposed as a viable alternative to moderate calorie restriction (CR) for weight loss and metabolic health, but few long term randomized trials have been conducted. This protocol paper describes the rationale and detailed protocol for DIRECT study (Daily versus Intermittent Restriction of Energy: Controlled Trial to Reduce Diabetes Risk), comparing long term effectiveness of IF versus CR on metabolic health in individuals who are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Anticipated 260 non-diabetic men and women aged 35-75 years, BMI 25-50 kg/m with score ≥12 on the Australian Diabetes Risk (AUSDRISK) calculator will be recruited into this open-label, multi-arm, parallel group sequential randomized controlled trial.

Impact of Health Literacy on Frailty among Community-Dwelling Seniors.

Health literacy has been reported to have effects on health behavior change and health-related outcomes, but few studies have explored the association between health literacy and frailty. The aim of our study is to investigate the relationships between health literacy and frailty among community-dwelling seniors. This cross-sectional study enrolled 603 community-dwelling older adults (307 women) in residential areas, with a mean age of 70.