Influence of six teaching methods on critical thinking ability of nursing students: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: To enhance nursing students' critical thinking abilities, numerous educators have explored alternative teaching methods. While meta-analyses have confirmed that various approaches are effective in developing critical thinking, consensus regarding their comparative effectiveness remains elusive. Furthermore, few investigations have directly contrasted the outcomes across these methods, highlighting the necessity to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on nursing students' critical thinking skills.

Modulation of alerting and orienting attention on spatial suppression.

Spatial suppression is a phenomenon in which, for high-contrast stimuli, larger stimuli typically elicit weaker neural responses and produce worse perceptual performance compared to smaller stimuli. This phenomenon is thought to arise from inhibitory connections between neurons. Although recent studies have suggested that feedback connections from high areas can influence these inhibitory processes, implying that attention may modulate spatial suppression, direct evidence for such modulation remains scarce.

Integrated Microbiome-Metabolome Analysis Reveals Intestine-Liver Metabolic Associations in the Moustache Toad.

The intestinal microbiota regulates host metabolic homeostasis through production of bioactive microbial metabolites. These microorganisms facilitate digestion, enhance immune function, maintain osmoregulation, and support physiological balance via these bioactive compounds, thereby enhancing environmental adaptation. Our study investigated intestinal microbiota-liver metabolic interactions in using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics.

Clinical Significance of First-Trimester Screening of the Retronasal Triangle for Identification of Primary Cleft Palate.

Objective: To investigate the use of the retronasal triangle (RNT) for identification of orofacial cleft (OC) in the first trimester and the clinical application of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound techniques for confirming the diagnosis of OC.

Methods: A total of 5,054 women with singleton pregnancies underwent first-trimester screening for Down syndrome at 11-13(+6) weeks. The RNT was scanned in each fetus, and 3D volumetric images of cases with abnormal or indeterminate RNT were obtained.