Sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health: Integrating the potential underlying molecular health aspects.

During the last decades, sedentary behaviour has been recognised as an interdependent risk factor for cardiometabolic health and premature mortality. Prolonged sedentary behaviour is associated with increased risks for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer due to disturbances in cardiometabolic health. However, despite the increased evidence supporting these associations, the underlying molecular mechanisms to the development of these NCDs remain largely unknown.

Invasive fractional-flow-reserve prediction by coronary CT angiography using artificial intelligence vs. computational fluid dynamics software in intermediate-grade stenosis.

Coronary computed angiography (CCTA) with non-invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) calculates lesion-specific ischemia when compared with invasive FFR and can be considered for patients with stable chest pain and intermediate-grade stenoses according to recent guidelines. The objective of this study was to compare a new CCTA-based artificial-intelligence deep-learning model for FFR prediction (FFR) to computational fluid dynamics CT-derived FFR (FFR) in patients with intermediate-grade coronary stenoses with FFR as reference standard. The FFR model was trained with curved multiplanar-reconstruction CCTA images of 500 stenotic vessels in 413 patients, using FFR measurements as the ground truth.

The effect of a structured running exercise intervention on non-exercise physical activity and sedentary behaviour in persons with mild Multiple Sclerosis and healthy controls.

Background: Exercise interventions fail to increase objective physical activity (PA) in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), while they self-report higher exercise participation. This suggests that PwMS change their non-exercise PA (NEPA). We aimed to explore NEPA changes of PwMS and healthy controls (HC), and whether these constrain exercise adaptations.

The potential harms of sedentary behaviour on cardiometabolic health are mitigated in highly active adults: a compositional data analysis.

Background: Insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important factors that determine cardiometabolic health and the development of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the modifying effects of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on the association between SB and cardiometabolic health within highly active adults.

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 61 (male/female: 41/20) highly trained adults (age: 33.

A 12-week consumer wearable activity tracker-based intervention reduces sedentary behaviour and improves cardiometabolic health in free-living sedentary adults: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Reducing sedentary behaviour significantly improves cardiometabolic health and plays an important role in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases. However, limited effective strategies have been proposed to combat the negative effects of sedentary lifestyles. Although consumer wearable activity trackers (CWATs) can effectively improve physical activity, they were only included as part of a multiple behaviour change technique.

Replacing sitting with light-intensity physical activity throughout the day versus 1 bout of vigorous-intensity exercise: similar cardiometabolic health effects in multiple sclerosis. A randomised cross-over study.

Purpose: Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) are physically inactive and spend more time in sedentary behaviours than healthy persons, which increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. In this randomised crossover study, the cardiometabolic health effects of replacing sitting with light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and exercise (EX) were investigated.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight mildly disabled PwMS performed four 4-day activity regimens in free-living conditions; CONTROL (habitual activity), SIT, LIPA, and EX.

Impact of continuous vs. interval training on oxygen extraction and cardiac function during exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: Exercise training improves exercise capacity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains to be elucidated whether such improvements result from cardiac or peripheral muscular adaptations, and whether these are intensity dependent.

Methods: 27 patients with T2DM [without known cardiovascular disease (CVD)] were randomized to high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 15) or moderate-intensity endurance training (MIT, n = 12) for 24 weeks (3 sessions/week).

Carnosine quenches the reactive carbonyl acrolein in the central nervous system and attenuates autoimmune neuroinflammation.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by sustained inflammation in the central nervous system. One of the pathological hallmarks of MS is extensive free radical production. However, the subsequent generation, potential pathological role, and detoxification of different lipid peroxidation-derived reactive carbonyl species during neuroinflammation are unclear, as are the therapeutic benefits of carbonyl quenchers.

Aberrant Mechanical Efficiency during Exercise Relates to Metabolic Health and Exercise Intolerance in Adolescents with Obesity.

Background: Mechanical efficiency (ME) might be an important parameter evaluating cardiometabolic health and the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in individuals with obesity. However, whether these cardiometabolic risk factors may relate to ME in adolescents with obesity is not known yet. Therefore, this study aims to compare the mechanical efficiency during maximal exercise testing between adolescents with obesity and lean adolescents, and to examine associations with exercise tolerance and metabolic health.

Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and cardiometabolic health in highly trained athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Prolonged periods of sedentary time appear to increase the risk for the development of several chronic conditions and all-cause mortality, even when moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is taken into consideration. However, whether the beneficial health effects of MVPA in highly active individuals remain present when leisure time is spent sedentary remains speculative. Therefore, we systematically evaluated off-training sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels in athletes.

Lifestyle interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in clinical populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of different strategies and effects on cardiometabolic health.

Cardiometabolic comorbidities are highly prevalent in clinical populations, and have been associated (partly) with their sedentary lifestyle. Although lifestyle interventions targeting sedentary behaviour (SB) have been studied extensively in the general population, the effect of such strategies in clinical populations is not yet clear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of different lifestyle interventions on SB and cardiometabolic health in clinical populations.

Cardiac Function is Preserved in Adolescents With Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes and a Normal Physical Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases and exercise intolerance elevate mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function are already affected in adolescents with T1D, displaying poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [A1C]>7.5%) and exercise intolerance.

Chronotropic incompetence is more frequent in obese adolescents and relates to systemic inflammation and exercise intolerance.

Background: Adults with obesity may display disturbed cardiac chronotropic responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, which relates to poor cardiometabolic health and an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events. It is unknown whether cardiac chronotropic incompetence (CI) during maximal exercise is already present in obese adolescents and, if so, how that relates to cardiometabolic health.

Methods: Sixty-nine obese adolescents (body mass index standard deviation score = 2.

Can consumer wearable activity tracker-based interventions improve physical activity and cardiometabolic health in patients with chronic diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: To date, it is unclear if consumer wearable activity trackers (CWATs), with or without behaviour multi-component strategies, effectively improve adherence to physical activity and health outcomes under free living conditions in populations with chronic diseases. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the efficacy of CWAT-based interventions to promote physical activity levels and cardiometabolic health in populations with chronic diseases.

Methods: Randomised controlled trials were collected from five bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL).

Cardiac function in adolescents with obesity: cardiometabolic risk factors and impact on physical fitness.

Objective: To gain greater insights in the etiology and clinical consequences of altered cardiac function in obese adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to examine cardiac structure and function in obese adolescents, and to examine associations between altered cardiac function/structure and cardiometabolic disease risk factors or cardiopulmonary exercise capacity.

Methods: In 29 obese (BMI 31.