Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients Undergoing Acid-Suppressive Treatment: A Large Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching.

Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a significant concern in patients undergoing acid-suppressive therapy. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the risk of CDI in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and potassium-competitive acid blockers (tegoprazan).

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study evaluated 606,460 individuals who were prescribed PPIs, H2RAs, or tegoprazan for more than 7 days, resulting in 22,431 matched individuals after propensity score matching.

Intravenous proton pump inhibitors oral potassium competitive acid blockers before endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers.

Background: The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with the intent of reducing gastric acidity to the desired therapeutic level for treating bleeding peptic ulcer still has several limitations.

Aim: To compare intravenous PPIs and oral potassium competitive acid blockers (PCABs) administered prior to endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers.

Methods: This retrospective study involved 105 consecutive patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (treated August 2023 to February 2024).

Increased risk of adenomatous colon polyps in patients with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: It is unclear whether long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has a potential carcinogenic effect on the colorectum.

Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of neurosurgery outpatients who underwent two or more colonoscopies between January 2014 and April 2023. Patients in whom the timing of endoscopy was not in accordance with the guidelines and those without a history of previous endoscopy were excluded.

A Study on the Glucose Breath Test Positivity Rate and Occurrence of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth-Related Symptoms Caused by Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Versus Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB) in Elderly Patients: SIBO Between PPI and P-CAB.

Long-term acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) leads to hypochlorhydria and facilitates the growth of bacterial flora in the small intestine. Novel acid-suppressants called potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) seem to be superior to PPIs. However, data on the risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients taking P-CABs are limited.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Phase 3 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Zastaprazan Compared With Esomeprazole in Erosive Esophagitis.

Introduction: Zastaprazan is a potent potassium-competitive acid blocker developed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zastaprazan compared with esomeprazole in patient with erosive esophagitis (EE).

Methods: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority clinical study was conducted with 300 subjects with confirmed EE.

-associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and Progression of Gastric Carcinogenesis.

Chronic inflammation due to a () infection is a representative cause of gastric cancer that can promote gastric carcinogenesis by abnormally activating immune cells and increasing the inflammatory cytokines levels. infections directly cause DNA double-strand breaks in gastric epithelial cells and genetic damage by increasing the enzymatic activity of cytidine deaminase. Eventually, gastric cancer is induced through dysplasia.

Tailored Therapy Using Bismuth Add-on Standard Triple Therapy vs. Concomitant Therapy: A First-line Regimen for Infection.

Background/aims: Compared with other regimens, concomitant therapy (CT) used as a first-line regimen for infection is associated with higher eradication rates. We compared the efficacy of tailored therapy (TT) using bismuth added to standard triple therapy (STT) with CT.

Methods: This consecutive study performed between September 2020 and 2021 included 210 patients with infection.

Probiotic Supplementation for Treatment of Infection: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background/aims: The effects of probiotic supplementation on eradication therapy are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous probiotic administration on eradication rates, recrudescence, and symptom response following completion of a course of therapy.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed between June 2018 and 2020.

[The Present Status and Improvement Directions for Gastrointestinal Fellows and Residents in Korea].

The Korean Society of Gastroenterology (KSG) and the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE) have tried to promote high-quality patient care, and safety in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. In 2017, the training guidelines for GI fellows have been made, and the education board of KSGE revised 2 year- program of GI fellows. The guideline includes the total number of assigned patients, the number of GI endoscopy procedures, attendance of academic conferences, and research presentations.

[Gastrointestinal Disease in the Population Aged 80 Years and above in Korea during Recent Decades: Multi-center Cross-sectional Study].

Background/aims: Globally, the population aged 80 years or older is growing faster due to the rising life expectancy. Korea has already entered into an advanced aged society, and a post-aged society is expected in 2025. This study evaluated the patterns of gastrointestinal disease in the population aged 80 years or older during the recent decade in Korea.

Clinical outcomes of metachronous recurrence of gastric epithelial neoplasia based on Helicobacter pylori infection status and microsatellite stability.

Background/aims: Helicobacter pylori eradication may prevent the recurrence of gastric epithelial neoplasia after endoscopic treatment. However, H. pylori eradication therapy is unlikely to prevent gastric cancer.

The Influence of Past Metronidazole Exposure on the Outcome of Eradication.

Background: Bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is recommended as empirical first-line therapy because it is not affected by antibiotic resistance. We examined whether past exposure to metronidazole affected BQT outcomes.

Methods: The records of seven hospitals were searched for patients who received BQT for eradication between 2009 and 2020.

Vonoprazan non-inferior to lansoprazole in treating duodenal ulcer and eradicating Helicobacter pylori in Asian patients.

Background And Aim: Duodenal ulcers, especially caused by increasingly drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori, are a concern in Asia. We compared oral vonoprazan versus lansoprazole for efficacy (healing duodenal ulcers) and safety in non-Japanese Asian patients.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized (1:1), double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, non-inferiority study (April 5, 2017, to July 19, 2019), patients with ≥ 1 endoscopically confirmed duodenal ulcer, at 52 hospitals (China, South Korea, and Taiwan), received vonoprazan 20 mg once daily (QD) or lansoprazole 30 mg QD for 6 weeks maximum.

Safety/Efficacy of Prucalopride in Korean Patients with Chronic Constipation: Post-marketing Surveillance.

Background/aims: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Prucalopride is a dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide derivative with gastrointestinal prokinetic activities and is recommended as an appropriate choice in patients unresponsive to laxatives. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of prucalopride in Korean patients with chronic constipation, in whom laxatives were ineffective.

HER-2 positivity is a high risk of recurrence of stage I gastric cancer.

Background/aims: The treatment of gastric cancer remains unsatisfactory. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical staining in gastric cancer.

Methods: We analyzed 505 (279 early staged, 226 advanced-staged) gastric cancer tissues from patients who underwent radical gastric resection between January 2014 and December 2016.

Efficacy of bismuth added to standard triple therapy as the first-line eradication regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: Addressing the increasing antibiotic resistance, including clarithromycin resistance, which affects Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, is a challenge for clinicians. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of bismuth added to standard triple therapy as a first-line treatment regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection. The secondary outcome was the treatment efficacy for clarithromycin-resistant strains.

Effect of prophylactic clip application for the prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding of large pedunculated colonic polyps: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Prophylactic application of a hemoclip has been suggested as an alternative to the use of an endoloop for the prevention of postpolypectomy bleeding (PPB) when resecting large, pedunculated colorectal polyps. Therefore, this multicenter, randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of prophylactic hemoclip application to reduce PPB during the resection of large pedunculated polyps.

Methods: Large pedunculated polyps (≥10 mm in head diameter) were eligible for inclusion.

Clinical Outcomes of Mucinous Gastric Carcinomas Compared with Non-mucinous and Signet Ring Cell Carcinomas.

Background/aims: This study examined the clinical features and prognosis of patients with mucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC), non-mucinous gastric carcinoma (NMGC), and signet ring cell gastric carcinoma (SRC).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed, enrolling 65 patients with MGC from January 2007 to December 2016. During the same period, 1,814 patients with histologically proven gastric cancers underwent curative or palliative operations.

Clinical Impact of Common Bile Duct Angulation on the Recurrence of Common Bile Duct Stone: A Meta-analysis and Review.

Background/aims: Local and systemic factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, are considered risk factors for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis after successful endoscopic clearance. Local factors include the presence of bile sludge, common bile duct (CBD) diameter, and CBD angulation. Among them, it is unclear if acute CBD angulation is preferable to the recurrence of a CBD stone.

Improved classification and localization approach to small bowel capsule endoscopy using convolutional neural network.

Background: Although great advances in artificial intelligence for interpreting small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) images have been made in recent years, its practical use is still limited. The aim of this study was to develop a more practical convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for the automatic detection of various small bowel lesions.

Methods: A total of 7556 images were collected for the training dataset from 526 SBCE videos.

Microbiology and risk factors for gram-positive Cocci bacteremia in biliary infections.

Background: The rapid antibiotics treatment targeted to a specific pathogen can improve clinical outcomes of septicemia. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of biliary septicemia caused by cholangitis or cholecystitis according to causative organisms.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study in 151 patients diagnosed with cholangitis or cholecystitis with bacterial septicemia from January 2013 to December 2015.