Highly Ordered Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks with Chemically Confined Polyoxometalate Clusters: A Dual-Functional Electrocatalyst for Efficient HO Synthesis and Biomass Valorization.

The design of bifunctional and high-performance electrocatalysts that can be used as both cathodes and anodes for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) and biomass valorization is attracting increasing attention. Herein, a conserved ligand replacement strategy is developed for the synthesis of highly ordered conductive metal-organic frameworks (Ni-HITP, HITP = 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexaiminotriphenylene) with chemically confined phosphotungstic acid (PW) nanoclusters in the nanopores. The newly formed Ni-O-W bonds in the resultant Ni-HITP/PW electrocatalysts modulate the electronic structures of both Ni and W sites, which are favorable for cathodic 2e ORR to HO production and anodic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) to 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), respectively.

The evolution of home mechanical ventilation in poland between 2000 and 2010.

Background: Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a routine method of treatment for patients with chronic ventilatory failure. Over the last 20 y, a marked development in HMV has been noted in terms of its prevalence and the changing proportion of patients with various indications. However, data on HMV come exclusively from the developed countries of Europe and North America.

[Prevalence of home mechanical ventilation in Poland].

Introduction: Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is increasingly used in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure thanks to rapid technological development, increasing number of elderly people and extension of indications. The aim of the study was to assess: prevalence of HMV in Poland, the proportions of lung disease and neuromuscular patients using HMV and the type of interface (invasive v. non-invasive).