Inflammation in frailty, cognitive impairment, clinical events and mortality among older adults with HIV in the ACTG HAILO cohort.

Objectives: Associations between inflammatory markers and prevalent or incident frailty, cognitive impairment, clinical events and mortality in older people with HIV are poorly understood.

Design: An observational cohort study.

Methods: Participants ≥50 years from the ACTG HAILO cohort study were included.

Factors associated with HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific region.

People with HIV (PWH) continue to experience stigma across community, social, and healthcare settings, yet data from the Aisa-Pacific region remains limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study at five HIV clinics in Hong Kong SAR, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand from July 2019 to June 2020 to assess HIV-related stigma and associated factors. Perceived stigma was measured using the 40-item Berger's HIV Stigma Scale.

Prognostic factors in patients hospitalised with group A Streptococcus bacteraemia in tropical Australia.

Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteraemia is common in tropical settings and has a high case-fatality rate. Early recognition of the high-risk patient can expedite the escalation of care.

Methods: We examined consecutive episodes of GAS bacteraemia in Far North Queensland, tropical Australia between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020.

Evaluating machine learning algorithms for predicting HIV status among young Thai men who have sex with men.

Objective: This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models to predict HIV status and assessed the factors associated with HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM) under the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) programme in Thailand.

Methods: Young MSM aged 15-24 years who underwent HIV testing through the UHC programme from 2015 to 2022 were included. Data were divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets, with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) applied to address data set imbalance.

Risk of cancer in people with HIV experiencing varying degrees of immune recovery with sustained virological suppression on antiretroviral treatment for more than 2 years: an international, multicentre, observational cohort.

Background: The impact of long-term virological suppression and CD4 count recovery on non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) is unclear. We determined whether poor immune recovery was associated with incident cancer risk in people with HIV with virological suppression (VS).

Methods: Participants from the D:A:D and RESPOND collaborations in Europe and Australia who achieved ≥2 years of VS on ART between Dec 1999 and Dec 2022 were included.

Reinfection and Resistance Associated Substitutions Following a Minimal Monitoring Approach for Hepatitis C Virus Treatment in MINMON Trial.

Background: Simplified approaches to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment delivery are needed to meet elimination goals. However, the impact of low-touch strategies on individuals at higher risk due to treatment failure or reinfection is unknown. We estimated HCV reinfection rates, and the impact of resistance associated substitutions (RASs) on response in the ACTG A5360 (MINMON) trial.

Age-related clonal hematopoiesis and HIV infection are associated with geriatric outcomes: The ARCHIVE study.

While HIV infection and clonal hematopoiesis (CH) have been linked with inflammatory dysregulation and an increased risk of aging-related comorbidities, their relationship with clinical geriatric syndromes has not been well defined. In the Age-related Clonal Haematopoiesis in an HIV Evaluation Cohort (ARCHIVE) study (NCT04641013), we measure associations between HIV and CH and geriatric syndromes. Of 345 participants (176 with HIV and 169 without HIV), 23% had at least one mutation associated with CH: 27% with HIV and 18% without HIV (p = 0.

The Risk of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Elderly People Living with HIV during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Malnutrition is a risk factor of sarcopenia in the elderly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited transportation and supply chain disruptions restricted access to nutritious foods. We assessed the nutritional status and sarcopenia risk in older people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy in Thailand.

Framingham risk score based vascular outcomes in acute versus chronic HIV cohorts after 6 years of ART.

Introduction: Immune dysregulation persists in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may lead to accelerated vascular ageing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While delayed time to initiation of ART has been linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes, the effect of ART initiation during acute infection on these outcomes is not well understood.

Methods: Participants were enrolled from the SEARCH010/RV254 acute HIV (AHI) and HIV-NAT chronic HIV (CHI) cohorts in Thailand.

Impact of steatotic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis on cognitive impairment in people living with HIV: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The link between fatty liver diseases and cognitive impairment among people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unclear. We investigated the association of steatotic liver disease (SLD), advanced liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with significant activity and liver fibrosis with cognitive impairment in PLWH.

Methods: Cognitive performance was assessed for PLWH aged ≥50 years on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with the Thai-validated version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a cut-off of <25/30 was used to define cognitive impairment.

Clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 illness and outcomes in immunocompromised individuals during the first pandemic wave in Sydney, Australia.

People with immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality, however early in the pandemic it was challenging to collate data on this heterogenous population. We conducted a registry study of immunocompromised individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from March-October 2020 in Sydney, Australia to understand clinical and laboratory outcomes in this population prior to the emergence of the Delta variant. 27 participants were enrolled into the study including people with a haematologic oncologic conditions (n = 12), secondary immunosuppression (N = 8) and those with primary or acquired immunodeficiency (i.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With Liver Fibrosis as Predictors of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in People With HIV: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) plus or minus a concurrent diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated with NAFLD or NASH development.

Methods: In this prospective study, we analyzed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) aged ≥18 years without excessive alcohol consumption or hepatitis coinfections. NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m, whereas NASH with significant disease activity and liver fibrosis was defined as a FibroScan-AST score ≥0.

Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) is associated with immune activation, increased epicardial fat volume, and steatohepatitis among people with HIV in a Thai cohort.

Introduction: A change in terminology from fatty liver disease to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), along with modified diagnostic criteria, was proposed in 2020, and data regarding MAFLD burden in people living with HIV are limited. We investigated associations between MAFLD and immune activation, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks including epicardial fat volume, and steatohepatitis in an Asian cohort.

Methods: We evaluated CVD risk (epicardial fat tissue, coronary artery calcium [CAC] score, and 10-year atherosclerotic CVD [ASCVD] score) in people living with HIV aged >50 years.

CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovery Among People Living With HIV Starting With First-Line Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: A Prospective Regional Cohort Analysis.

Background: We evaluated trends in CD4/CD8 ratio among people living with HIV (PLWH) starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) with first-line integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) compared with non-INSTI-based ART, and the incidence of CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.

Methods: All PLWH enrolled in adult HIV cohorts of IeDEA Asia-Pacific who started with triple-ART with at least 1 CD4, CD8 (3-month window), and HIV-1 RNA measurement post-ART were included. CD4/CD8 ratio normalization was defined as a ratio ≥1.

Association of Phenotypic Aging Marker with comorbidities, frailty and inflammatory markers in people living with HIV.

Background: Aging characteristics in people living with HIV (PLWH) are heterogeneous, and the identification of risk factors associated with aging-related comorbidities such as neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and frailty is important. We evaluated predictors of novel aging markers, phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and phenotypic age acceleration (PAA) and their association with comorbidities, frailty, and NCI.

Methods: In a cohort of PLWH and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative controls, we calculated PhenoAge using chronological age and 9 biomarkers from complete blood counts, inflammatory, metabolic-, liver- and kidney-related parameters.

Bone mineral density among virologically suppressed Asians older than 50 years old living with and without HIV: A cross-sectional study.

There are limited data regarding bone health in older people living with HIV (PWH), especially those of Asian ethnicity. We aimed to determine whether BMD in well-suppressed HIV-infected men and women aged ≥ 50 years are different from HIV-uninfected controls. In a cross-sectional study, BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and calciotropic hormones were measured.

Weight change with integrase strand transfer inhibitors among virally suppressed Thai people living with HIV.

Background: We compared weight changes in virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) with those remaining on an INSTI or non-INSTI regimen.

Methods: PLWH aged ≥18 years with weight measurements available at baseline between 2001 and 2020 were included. Viral suppression was defined as having had a viral load <400 copies/mL for 6 months.

Higher prevalence of QTc interval prolongation among virologically suppressed older people with HIV.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, and factors associated with QTc interval prolongation, among 383 virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH), without evidence of cardiovascular disease and active opportunistic infections in Thailand.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Resting 12-lead digital ECGs were performed in 2019.

Incidence of active tuberculosis among people living with HIV receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy in high TB/HIV burden settings in Thailand: implication for tuberculosis preventive therapy.

Introduction: Among high tuberculosis (TB) and HIV burden countries in Asia, tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been underutilized despite its proven benefits independent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, we determined the incidence of active TB and mortality among 9179 adult PLWH who attended and received ART from 15 tertiary care hospitals across Thailand.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 2018 using follow-up data from 1999 to 2018.

High Proportion of Blood-Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among People Deprived of Liberty in a Central Male Prison in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study 2018-2019.

Data are lacking or outdated on burden of HIV, viral hepatitis infection, and sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis among people deprived of liberty in the Asia-Pacific region. We aimed to evaluate the proportion of viral hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV, and syphilis infections, and factors associated with HCV, HBV, and HIV infection in a central male prison. A cross-sectional study was performed among 1,028 people deprived of liberty from a central male prison in Bangkok, Thailand.

Higher epicardial fat in older adults living with HIV with viral suppression and relationship with liver steatosis, coronary calcium and cardiometabolic risks.

Objectives: HIV infection is associated with ectopic fat deposition, which leads to chronic inflammation and cardiometabolic dysregulation. We assessed the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and its associated factors among people with HIV (PWH).

Design: A cross-sectional study.