Intergrader Agreement on Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Using Ultra-Widefield Imaging: INSPIRED Study Report 1.

: Discrepancies in diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading are well-documented, with retinal non-perfusion (RNP) quantification posing greater challenges. This study assessed intergrader agreement in DR evaluation, focusing on qualitative severity grading and quantitative RNP measurement. We aimed to improve agreement through structured consensus meetings.

Determinants of visual functions in patients with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: the PEONY study.

Background/objectives: Although decline in visual functions have been reported in eyes with non-advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), it is not known if visual functions in these eyes are influenced by structural changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT). We investigated the association between known OCT changes with photopic and scotopic visual functions.

Subjects/methods: Participants aged 55 years or over with early or intermediate AMD in at least 1 eye, and controls with healthy maculae and were included.

Characterizing the Preferred Retinal Locus and Fixation Stability in Diabetic Macular Ischemia: A One-Year Study.

Eyes with maculopathy usually have poor fixation stability (FS) and develop a new preferred retinal locus (PRL). The exact FS and PRL have never been studied in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). In this one-year observational study, we recruited 79 patients (145 eyes) with evidence of DMI on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Intersession repeatability of visual function and OCTA metrics in eyes with diabetic macular ischaemia.

Objective: To estimate inter-session coefficient of repeatability (CR) of visual function and OCTA metrics over 3 months in diabetic macular ischaemia (DMI) in stable laser-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients.

Methods: This prospective study recruited patients with stable PDR for at least 6 months following pan-retinal photocoagulation with visual acuity of at least 54 ETDRS letters. DMI was confirmed on OCTA as FAZ area of at least 0.

Macular Capillary Nonperfusion in Eyes With Stable Laser-Treated Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Importance: Some eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated to stability with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) continue to lose vision without diabetic macular edema. One presumed cause is macular capillary nonperfusion (CNP)-associated ischemia or infarction. Natural history data of macular CNP might guide treatment trials for it.

A Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics and Artifacts on Scans of Different Sizes in Diabetic Macular Ischemia.

Purpose: Changes in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics over time are key outcome measures for clinical trials in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). However, artifacts and automatically delineated FAZ measurements may influence the results. We aimed to compare the artifact frequency and FAZ metrics on 3 × 3 versus 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) macular scans in patients with DMI.

The Natural History of Retinal Sensitivity Loss in Diabetic Macular Ischemia over One Year Evaluated by Microperimetry.

: This one-year prospective observational study, conducted at two centers, aimed to report the natural history of retinal sensitivity (RS) loss in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). : Patients with stable-treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were recruited if there was evidence of DMI on optical coherence tomography angiography, defined as a foveal avascular zone ≥ 0.5 mm or parafoveal capillary dropout ≥ 1 quadrant.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to visual impairment if left untreated. This review discusses the use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a diagnostic tool for the early detection and management of DR. OCTA is a fast, non-invasive, non-contact test that enables the detailed visualisation of the macular microvasculature in different plexuses.

Topographic Correlation of Microperimetry With Structural Characteristics in Diabetic Macular Ischemia.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the threshold for defining abnormal retinal sensitivity (RS) that correlates with structural changes in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) patients with stable treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: In a single center, we recruited 85 eyes (67 patients) with stable treated PDR with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥54 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters (Snellen equivalent 20/80) and optical coherence tomography angiography evidence of DMI.

Study protocol on prevalence of non-exudative macular neovascularisation and its contribution to prediction of exudation in fellow eyes with unilateral exudative AMD (EYE-NEON).

Purpose: Fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are at risk of developing macular neovascularisation (MNV). These eyes may first develop subclinical non-exudative MNV (neMNV) before they leak to form exudative MNV (eMNV). The EYE NEON study is a 2-year study aimed at estimating the prevalence and incidence of neMNV and evaluating its role as a predictor for conversion to neovascular AMD.

Characterization of the Structural and Functional Alteration in Eyes with Diabetic Macular Ischemia.

Objective: To investigate the relative effect of disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss on visual function in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI).

Design: Prospective cross-sectional observational study.

Participants: Patients with stable treated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without center-involved diabetic macular edema were recruited at the Moorfields Eye Hospital from December 2019 to November 2021.

Correlation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Characteristics with Visual Function to Define Vision-Threatening Diabetic Macular Ischemia.

The thresholds of macular microvasculature parameters associated with mild visual impairment in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) patients are unclear. Therefore, this prospective observational study is aimed at demonstrating the optical coherence tomography angiography parameters that best correlate with mild visual impairment (<70 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters, Snellen equivalent 20/40) in DMI. The study was completed at the Moorfields Eye Hospital from December 2019 to August 2021.

Diabetic macular ischaemia- a new therapeutic target?

Diabetic macular ischaemia (DMI) is traditionally defined and graded based on the angiographic evidence of an enlarged and irregular foveal avascular zone. However, these anatomical changes are not surrogate markers for visual impairment. We postulate that there are vascular phenotypes of DMI based on the relative perfusion deficits of various retinal capillary plexuses and choriocapillaris.

A comparative study of orthokeratology and low-dose atropine for the treatment of anisomyopia in children.

Myopic anisometropia (anisomyopia) is a specific type of refractive error that may cause fusion impairment, asthenopia, and aniseikonia. It is sometimes severe enough to reduce the quality of life. Several studies have investigated the treatment effects of orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and topical atropine on anisomyopia control.

Sequential changes to intraocular lens dislocation caused by vigorous ocular massage: A case report.

Rationale: Although intraocular lens (IOL) dislocations have been reported after uneventful cataract surgeries, no sequential changes have ever been demonstrated. Our case showed the sequential changes to IOL dislocation caused by vigorous ocular massage.

Patient Concerns: A 42-year-old man complained of blurred vision in the left eye 8 years after uneventful phacoemulsification.

Assessing the change of anisometropia in unilateral myopic children receiving monocular orthokeratology treatment.

Background: This study aimed at comparing the inter-eye axial elongation difference in order to evaluate the change of anisometropia in unilateral myopic children wearing monocular orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lens.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we recruited monocular myopic subjects treated with monocular Ortho-K lens from May 2012 to January 2017. The axial length (AL) of both eyes was recorded, and we calculated the AL difference as our primary outcome, to evaluate myopia progression.

Angiotensin II does not influence expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + ATPase in atrial myocytes.

Introduction: The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) is essential for the regulation of the intracellular calcium level in cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have found that angiotensin II (Ang II) decreased SERCA2 gene expression in ventricular myocytes. Alteration of SERCA activity is important in the mechanism of atrial fibrillation.

Waist-to-hip ratio correlates with homocysteine levels in male patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Obesity and homocysteine are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The relation between pattern of obesity and homocysteine is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relation between pattern of obesity and plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).