Effect of Boiling, Steaming and Microwaving on the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Parkia speciosa Seeds.

This study investigated the effects of boiling, steaming, and microwaving on the total phenolic content (TPC), cyclic polysulfide content, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of Parkia speciosa seeds. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity of the seeds were evaluated. The main antibacterial components of P.

Antibiofilm activity of Clitoria ternatea flowers anthocyanin fraction against biofilm-forming oral bacteria.

This study investigated the antibiofilm effects of Clitoria ternatea flowers anthocyanin fraction (AF) on Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. AF was obtained using column chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed for its characterization and identification. The crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed significant inhibition of early biofilm formation and destruction of preformed biofilms after AF treatment (0.

Plant extracts as a source of antiviral agents against influenza A virus.

The influenza virus, especially influenza A (IAV), has remained a constant global health threat due to its high morbidity rate and ability to undergo antigenic shifts and drifts, causing pandemics and epidemics. Due to the rapid evolution of IAV, novel therapeutics are urgently required to combat these viruses effectively, as they develop resistance against current therapeutics. Natural products have been the subject of debate for alternative IAV therapy, where the abundance of bioactive compounds offers numerous potentials for novel anti-IAV drug discovery.

Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol in palm oil: A review on current industrial-scale mitigation strategies, challenges and perspectives.

Glycidyl ester (GE) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (3-MCPDE) are food contaminants formed during edible oil refining. Due to their potential human carcinogenicity, the European Commission has established regulatory limits for vegetable oil, including palm oil. While laboratory-scale studies have shown promising reductions, large-scale implementation remains challenging.

Biofilm destruction activity of α-tocopherol against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Antibiotic resistance and the persistence of sessile cells within biofilms complicate the eradication of biofilm-related infections using conventional antibiotics. This highlights the necessity for alternate therapy methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the biofilm destruction activity of α-tocopherol against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on polystyrene.

Assessing the impact of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin colour changes, antioxidant activity and the resulting metabolites.

Background: The present study evaluated the effects of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin changes in terms of colour, antioxidant activity and metabolomic profile. Additionally, the correlation between antioxidant activity and identified metabolites was analysed.

Results: It was found that colour change was significantly reduced at elevated heat (100 °C, *∆E = 0.

Betacyanins from red pitahaya () exhibit antiviral response against influenza A virus.

Seasonal influenza affects millions of lives worldwide, with the influenza A virus (IAV) responsible for pandemics and annual epidemics, causing the most severe illnesses resulting in patient hospitalizations or death. With IAV threatening the next global influenza pandemic, it is a race against time to search for antiviral drugs. Betacyanins are unique nitrogen-containing and water-soluble reddish-violet pigments that have been reported to possess antiviral properties against the dengue virus.

14-3-3 Family of Proteins: Biological Implications, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Intervention in Cancer, Virus and Neurodegeneration Disorders.

The 14-3-3 family of proteins are highly conserved acidic eukaryotic proteins (25-32 kDa) abundantly present in the body. Through numerous binding partners, the 14-3-3 is responsible for many essential cellular pathways, such as cell cycle regulation and gene transcription control. Hence, its dysregulation has been linked to the onset of critical illnesses such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections.

The convergent evolution of influenza A virus: Implications, therapeutic strategies and what we need to know.

Influenza virus infection, more commonly known as the 'cold flu', is an etiological agent that gives rise to recurrent annual flu and many pandemics. Dated back to the 1918- Spanish Flu, the influenza infection has caused the loss of many human lives and significantly impacted the economy and daily lives. Influenza virus can be classified into four different genera: influenza A-D, with the former two, influenza A and B, relevant to humans.

Anti-Amyloid β Aggregation Activity and Cell Viability Effect of Betacyanins from Red Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) for Alzheimer's Disease.

Betacyanin-rich extract from red beet (Beta vulgaris) was recently reported to inhibit amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, a main pathological event in Alzheimer's disease. However, the anti-Aβ aggregation effect of individual betacyanin isolates has not been reported before. This study investigated the anti-Aβ aggregation activity and cytotoxicity of betacyanins from red pitahaya or red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus).

Metabolic perturbations and key pathways associated with the bacteriostatic activity of flower anthocyanin fraction against .

flowers are rich in anthocyanins and possess various biological activities. Specifically, the antibacterial mechanism of action of anthocyanins remains unknown and was investigated in . A time-kill assay was used to assess the antibacterial activity and the metabolic perturbations in were investigated utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics.

Effect of hot water, ultrasound, microwave, and pectinase-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from black goji berry for food application.

commonly known as black goji berry, is a rich anthocyanin source containing a high amount of monoacylated anthocyanins. This study investigates the effect of different extraction methods to extract anthocyanins from black goji berry for food application. Different hot water extraction conditions were applied to investigate the effect of specific substrate: solvent ratio (1:15 and 1:20 (w/v)), extraction time (30 and 60 min) and extraction temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) on the extraction yield, total anthocyanin content (TAC) and the total phenolic content (TPC) of the anthocyanin extracts.

Cannabis as antivirals.

Cannabis is a plant notorious for its psychoactive effect, but when used correctly, it provides a plethora of medicinal benefits. With more than 400 active compounds that have therapeutic properties, cannabis has been accepted widely as a medical treatment and for recreational purposes in several countries. The compounds exhibit various clinical benefits, which include, but are not limited to, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.

Growth and survival of and in various sugar systems with fructooligosaccharide supplementation.

Unlabelled: This study aims to investigate the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4%) supplementation on the growth and survival of and in glucose, fructose, lactose, and sucrose (2, 3, and 4%) systems with 24-h growth and 10-day survival assays at 37 °C. FOS supplementation showed a higher growth-promoting effect on than in various sugar systems.

Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts and anthocyanin-rich fraction.

Clitoria ternatea flower is a traditional medicinal herb that has been used as a natural food colourant. As there are limited studies on investigating the bioactivities of the anthocyanin-rich fraction of Clitoria ternatea flower, this study aimed to determine an efficient column chromatography method to obtain the anthocyanin-rich fraction from this flower and characterise its composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Amberlite XAD-16 column chromatography was more efficient in enriching the total anthocyanin content (TAC) of the fraction with the highest TAC to total phenolic content (TPC) ratio of 1:6 than that using C18-OPN.

Antimicrobial betalains.

Betalains are nitrogen-containing plant pigments that can be red-violet (betacyanins) or yellow-orange (betaxanthins), currently employed as natural colourants in the food and cosmetic sectors. Betalains exhibit antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of microbes including multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as single-species and dual-species biofilm-producing bacteria, which is highly significant given the current antimicrobial resistance issue reported by The World Health Organization. Research demonstrating antiviral activity against dengue virus, in silico studies including SARS-CoV-2, and anti-fungal effects of betalains highlight the diversity of their antimicrobial properties.

Antibiofilm properties of flower anthocyanin-rich fraction towards .

In Asia, flowers are commonly used as a traditional medicinal herb and as a food colourant. Their bioactive compounds have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. is one of the major pathogens that cause biofilm-associated infections resulting in an increase in antimicrobial resistance.

Sources and relative stabilities of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins in beverage systems.

Anthocyanins are considered as the largest group of water-soluble pigments found in the vacuole of plant cells, displaying range of colors from pink, orange, red, purple and blue. They belong to flavonoids, a polyphenolic subgroup. Application of anthocyanins in food systems as natural food colourants is limited due to the lack of stability under different environmental conditions such as light, pH, heat etc.

Opportunities for the marine carotenoid value chain from the perspective of fucoxanthin degradation.

Marine carotenoids, particularly fucoxanthin, are emerging in the food value chain and gaining traction for their role in delivering health benefits. Unfortunately, the very feature of fucoxanthin which confers its bioactivities also renders it unstable. It is imperative to have a better understanding on the mechanisms involved to mitigate undesirable losses.

Anthocyanins From Flower: Biosynthesis, Extraction, Stability, Antioxidant Activity, and Applications.

plant is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and possesses great medicinal value. Its flower is edible and also known as blue pea or butterfly pea flower. The unique feature of anthocyanins present in blue pea flowers is the high abundance of polyacylated anthocyanins known as ternatins.

Fermentation of red pitahaya extracts using spp. and for reduction of sugar content and concentration of betacyanin content.

Unlabelled: A study was conducted to concentrate the betacyanin in red pitahaya extracts by removing the coexisting sugars by fermentation. Four lactic acid bacteria (, , and ) and a yeast species () were screened to determine their efficiency to reduce sugar content in red pitahaya extracts for concentration of their betacyanin content. A reduction of sugar content (19.

Current vaccine approaches and emerging strategies against herpes simplex virus (HSV).

: Vaccine development for the disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been challenging over the years and is always in dire need of novel approaches for prevention and cure. To date, the HSV disease remains incurable and challenging to prevent. The disease is extremely widespread due to its high infection rate, resulting in millions of infection cases worldwide.

Extraction methods of butterfly pea () flower and biological activities of its phytochemicals.

or commonly known as 'Butterfly pea' has been used traditionally in Ayurvedic medicine in which various parts of the plants are used to treat health issues such as indigestion, constipation, arthritis, skin diseases, liver and intestinal problems. The flowers of are used worldwide as ornamental flowers and traditionally used as a food colorant. This paper reviews the recent advances in the extraction and biological activities of phytochemicals from flowers.