Leveraging Large Language Models to Enhance Patient Educational Resources in Rhinology.

Background: To compare the readability of patient education materials (PEMs) on rhinologic conditions and procedures from the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) with those generated by large language models (LLMs).

Methods: Forty-one PEMs from the ARS were retrieved. Readability was assessed through the Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) and Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), in which higher FKRE and lower FKGL scores indicate better readability.

RADA-16 Reduces Postoperative Epistaxis After Inferior Turbinate Submucosal Resection.

Objectives: RADA-16 is a self-assembling peptide matrix with the ability to form a hydrogel structure, showing promise for improved wound healing and hemostasis. Our objective was to understand the utility of RADA-16 on postoperative bleeding rates following inferior turbinate submucosal resection (ITR) surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Evaluation of Large Language Models' Concordance With Guidelines on Olfaction.

Objective: To assess the concordance of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated information with the 2022 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR-O).

Methods: Forty-two guidelines were extracted from the ICAR-O. Each guideline was converted into a question, which was presented to ChatGPT version 4.

Search for medical information for chronic rhinosinusitis through an artificial intelligence ChatBot.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence is evolving and significantly impacting health care, promising to transform access to medical information. With the rise of medical misinformation and frequent internet searches for health-related advice, there is a growing demand for reliable patient information. This study assesses the effectiveness of ChatGPT in providing information and treatment options for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Association of early tracheostomy with length of stay and mortality in critically ill patients.

Background: The timing of tracheostomy for intensive care unit patients is controversial, with conflicting findings on early versus late tracheostomy.

Methods: Patients undergoing tracheostomy from 2001through 2012 were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III database. Early tracheostomy was defined as less than the 25th percentile of time from intensive care unit admission to tracheostomy (time to tracheostomy).

Effect of Hospital Safety Net Burden on Survival for Patients With Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To examine factors associated with hospital safety net burden and its impact on survival for patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).

Study Design: Retrospective database study.

Setting: National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016.

COVID-19 and rhinological surgery.

The (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruptions in the normal patient care workflow, necessitating adaptations within the healthcare profession. The objective of this article is to outline some of these adaptations and considerations necessitated by COVID-19 within the subspeciality of rhinology and endoscopic skull base surgery.

Analysis of the Treatment and Survival of Sinonasal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma.

Background: While extramedullary plasmacytomas are infrequently encountered plasma cell malignancies, most cases occur in the head and neck, with a predilection for the sinonasal cavity. Due to the rarity of this disease, the majority of studies on sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (SN-EMP) are case reports or small retrospective case series.

Objective: To investigate the impact of patient, disease, and treatment factors on the survival of patients with SN-EMP.

Giant Pituitary Adenoma - Special Considerations.

Giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) comprise 5% to 15% of pituitary adenomas, but have higher rates of extrasellar invasion, subtotal resection, surgical morbidity, and recurrence. With the possible exception of giant prolactinomas, GPAs require surgical decompression. On review of 3 decades of case series encompassing 699 microsurgical transsphenoidal (MT), 1060 endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal (EET), and 513 transcranial (TC) patients, gross total resection and recurrence rates were comparable across modalities, but the EET approach had lower perioperative mortality and superior restoration of visual function.

Telemedicine and Otolaryngology in the COVID-19 Era.

Objective: The global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an expansion of telemedicine. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with outpatient telemedicine visits within a single institution's Department of Otolaryngology during the initial COVID-19 era.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Trends in HPV Testing for Patients With Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A National Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze national trends in human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for patients diagnosed with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).

Study Design: Retrospective database study.

Setting: National Cancer Database (2010-2016).

Inpatient Sinus Surgery Patient Morbidity and Outcomes: A National Analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in the inpatient setting.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried for all ESS between 2008 and 2014.

Factors Associated With Unanticipated Admission After Outpatient Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery.

Objectives/hypothesis: To identify factors that may increase the risk of unplanned admission following elective outpatient endoscopic sinonasal surgery (ESS).

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP).

Methods: All cases of ESS were extracted from the 2010 to 2018 NSQIP database using Current Procedural Terminology codes.

Clinicopathologic characteristics of laryngeal chondrosarcoma: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Objectives: Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma (LC) is a rare malignancy with limited studies documenting its clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment options. This study reports demographic and clinical determinants of outcomes for this rare tumor.

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for cases of LC reported from 2004-2016.

Extranodal Extension as an Indicator for Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis.

Objective: Although extranodal extension (ENE) is a known indicator of poor prognosis for head and neck malignancies, its value as an indicator for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been well characterized. This study seeks to assess the usefulness of ENE as a prognostic marker for sinonasal SCC.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

Time is Money: Relative Value Units and Operative Time in Otolaryngology.

Objectives: Physician compensation for procedures is typically rooted in the work relative value unit (wRVU) system. Operative time is one of the factors that goes into the determination of wRVU assignment. There should be consistency between the wRVU/hr rate, irrespective of average operative time required to perform certain procedures.

Perioperative Analgesia for Sinus and Skull-Base Surgery.

Perioperative analgesic management is multifaceted, and an individualized approach should be taken with each patient. Preoperative discussion of the plan for pain control and the patient's postoperative expectations is a necessary facet for optimal outcomes of analgesia. There is the potential for significant abuse and development of dependence on opioids.

Comparison of Open and Endoscopic Approaches in the Resection of Esthesioneuroblastoma.

Background: Olfactory neuroblastoma, or esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB), is an uncommon sinonasal malignancy arising from olfactory neuroepithelium that is optimally treated with surgical resection. The objective of this study is to determine preoperative predictors of undergoing open versus endoscopic approach for ENB and to investigate significant postoperative survival outcomes between the two surgical approaches.

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for cases of ENB histology that were treated surgically from 2010 to 2015.

Systematic Review of Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema in Otolaryngology Procedures.

Objective(s): Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a rare perioperative complication with a potentially fatal outcome. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of NPPE in adult otolaryngology procedures with the goal of identifying risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and outcomes.

Methods: Systematic review performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases.

Nasoseptal Flap Necrosis After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery in the Setting of COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: A novel viral strain known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a worldwide pandemic known as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Early reports from China have highlighted the risks associated with performing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery in patients with SARS-CoV-2. We present a rare complication of nasoseptal flap (NSF) necrosis associated with COVID-19, further emphasizing the challenges of performing these procedures in this era.

Efficacy of simultaneous pericranial and nasoseptal "double flap" reconstruction of anterior skull base defects after combined transbasal and endoscopic endonasal approaches.

Background: The "double flap" reconstruction technique, comprised of a simultaneous vascularized pedicled pericranial flap (PCF) and pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF), can be used to repair anterior skull base defects after a combined cranionasal or transbasal-endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been performed to remove malignant anterior skull base tumors. The use of two vascularized flaps may potentially decrease the incidence of post-radiation flap necrosis and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks after radiation therapy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of a prospective skull base database on patients who underwent the double flap reconstruction technique after a combined transbasal-EEA approach.