Mapping of the Antinuclear Autoantibodies in Sudanese patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus after HAART receiving: A cross-sectional study.

It is important to highlight that infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may trigger chronic inflammation in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), impacting to the key immune cells such B and T lymphocytes, leading to development of autoantibodies which might be potential to developed autoimmune phenomenon. This study represent the first investigation in Sudan designed to evaluate and determine the prevalence of Antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) among people living with HIV/AIDS by systematically charaterizing ANA staining patterns; distribution, frequency and their correlation with estimated endpoint titers and interplay of age -sex specific ANA patterns in the context of HIV infection post antiretroviral therapy era. Using Serum samples of one hundred and sixteen (116) HIV-infected patients admitted to two major Voluntary Testing and Counseling (VTC), of the HIV clinical centers at the Military Hospital and Bahri Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, have been assessed for ANA screening.

Blood Glucose, HbA1c Level, and its Correlation with VEGF-A (+405G/C) Polymorphism as Biomarker Predicts the Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Background: Diabetes-related vascular complications linked to increase in the expression of VEGF and its receptors. It helps to accelerate tissue damage inflicted by hyperglycemia, which is potential risk for diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess VEGF genetic polymorphism and its correlation with glucose and HbA1C level among Sudanese patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.