Cortical Neural Plastic Changes Post-stroke Using Bicephalic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Prospective Non-randomized Study.

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has attracted attention among researchers as it has significant neurorehabilitative effects post-stroke. The purpose of the study was to investigate the safety, feasibility, and probable efficacy of bicephalic tDCS in improving hand function after stroke. Methods We conducted a prospective non-randomized controlled study involving two groups of participants with chronic stroke.

A novel machine learning framework for stroke type identification in resource constrained settings with robustness to missing data.

Stroke is the third leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Accurate identification of stroke-type-ischemic or hemorrhagic-is critical for guiding treatment; however, it typically requires costly neuroimaging, which is often inaccessible in rural areas of developing countries. This study employs machine learning (ML) to identify stroke-type using only clinical data, aiming to develop a cost-effective method, particularly for resource-limited settings lacking neuroimaging facilities.

A randomised trial to assess the efficacy of add on therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel to the standard medical therapy alone in patients with tubercular meningitis: ACT TBM.

Background: Benefit of antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention or treatment among patients of Tubercular meningitis (TBM) is uncertain. We hypothesised that add-on therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel to standard treatment will be safe and effective in reducing clinical stroke and/or cerebral infarction in patients with TBM.

Methods: This was a randomised, open-label, superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment.

Mastoid Signal Change and Acute Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: Unlocking the Puzzle.

Mastoid signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) patients are often misinterpreted as septic CVT. Studies have revealed mastoid signal changes in CVT patients. We conducted this study to investigate this relationship.

Strategic multimodal intervention in at-risk elderly Indians for prevention of dementia (SMRUTHI INDIA): a cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) protocol.

Introduction: Treating modifiable risk factors of dementia may prevent or delay dementia cases by up to 40%. The 'Strategic Multimodal Intervention in at-risk Elderly Indians for Prevention of Dementia (SMRUTHI INDIA)' study will be conducted to establish a trial-ready cohort of elderly Indians who are at high risk of developing dementia.

Methods And Analysis: The main aim of the study is to create and study a cohort of individuals at high risk of dementia in rural India, where we can do multiple intervention trials.

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Clinical, Radiological, and Outcome Study of 144 Cases.

Background And Objectives: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive encephalitis caused by persistent measles virus infection and is mostly described as small case series in literature. We aimed to describe the clinical spectrum, radiological features, outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with SSPE and provide a comparison of childhood- versus late-onset disease.

Methods: An observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in India, documenting the spectrum and functional outcome [modified Rankin Scale (mRS)] of patients with SSPE.

Kennedy's disease from India: An Indian Cohort with multisystemic manifestations.

BackgroundKennedy's disease (KD) is a rare, insidiously progressive lower motor neuron syndrome characterised by amyotrophy involving the appendicular or bulbar musculature of adult males in their fourth to fifth decade. There are no large series from the Indian subcontinent describing the clinical-genetic and laboratory spectrum of KD.AimTo describe the clinical, electrophysiologic, metabolic and genetic profile of patients with KD.

Factors Associated With Stroke Recurrence After Initial Diagnosis of Cervical Artery Dissection.

Background: Patients presenting with cervical artery dissection (CAD) are at risk for subsequent ischemic events. We aimed to identify characteristics that are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke after initial presentation of CAD and to evaluate the differential impact of anticoagulant versus antiplatelet therapy in these high-risk individuals.

Methods: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of the STOP-CAD study (Antithrombotic Treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection), a multicenter international retrospective observational study (63 sites from 16 countries in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa) that included patients with CAD predominantly between January 2015 and June 2022.

Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence Algorithm to Classify Tremors from Hand-Drawn Spirals.

Background: No objective biomarkers exist for diagnosing and classifying tremor syndromes.

Objective: The aim was to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) algorithm for classifying tremors from hand-drawn pen-on-paper spirals.

Methods: We recruited participants with dystonic tremor (DT), essential tremor (ET), essential tremor plus (ETP), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebellar ataxia (AT), and healthy volunteers (HV).

CSF1R-Related Adult-Onset Leukoencephalopathy With Axonal Spheroids: A Case Series of Four Asian Indian Patients.

Objective: Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related leukoencephalopathy (CSF1R-L) is a rare adult-onset leukoencephalopathy. Reports of CSF1R-L patients from the Indian subcontinent remain limited. We aimed to report four patients with genetically confirmed CSF1R-L from four Asian Indian families and described their clinical, molecular, and radiological features.

Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Supratentorial Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treated with and without Surgical Intervention.

Background And Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Uncertainty still exists regarding the benefit of surgery in the management of supratentorial spontaneous ICH (sICH), especially of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Studies have not shown the clinical benefit of early surgical management compared to best medical management plus delayed surgery, when necessary.

Utility of Tau PET in the diagnostic work up of neurodegenerative dementia among Indian patients.

Background And Objectives: Tau PET is being increasingly appraised as a novel diagnostic modality for dementia work up. Given limited data among South Asians, we assessed the frequency, patterns, phenotypic associations and incremental value of positive Tau PET scans in clinically diagnosed neurodegenerative dementia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD syndromes (September 2021 to October 2022, India).

Computed tomography of the head with and without contrast in imaging focal and unknown epilepsy - A prospective observational study.

Purpose: Brain imaging is needed when investigating epilepsy. Imaging options available include MRI and CT scan which may be non-contrast (NCCT) or contrast-enhanced (CECT). The specific clinical question and probable epilepsy substrate in the epidemiological context and socioeconomic milieu are important in determining the choice of imaging.

Navigating the Nexus: Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Stroke - A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevalent in patients with acute stroke. Although AKI is linked to poor clinical outcomes, data about its incidence and effect on stroke outcomes is limited.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at a single tertiary care center that analyzed the data of 204 consecutive subjects with acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.

Mitochondrial DNA disorders in neuromuscular diseases in diverse populations.

Neuromuscular features are common in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders. The genetic architecture of mtDNA disorders in diverse populations is poorly understood. We analysed mtDNA variants from whole-exome sequencing data in neuromuscular patients from South Africa, Brazil, India, Turkey and Zambia.

MEFFNet: Forecasting Myoelectric Indices of Muscle Fatigue in Healthy and Post-Stroke During Voluntary and FES-Induced Dynamic Contractions.

Myoelectric indices forecasting is important for muscle fatigue monitoring in wearable technologies, adaptive control of assistive devices like exoskeletons and prostheses, functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based Neuroprostheses, and more. Non-stationary temporal development of these indices in dynamic contractions makes forecasting difficult. This study aims at incorporating transfer learning into a deep learning model, Myoelectric Fatigue Forecasting Network (MEFFNet), to forecast myoelectric indices of fatigue (both time and frequency domain) obtained during voluntary and FES-induced dynamic contractions in healthy and post-stroke subjects respectively.