Changes in Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Acute Mastoiditis in Children: A Comparative Study Between 2001-2008 and 2021-2024.

Objective: To analyze the changes over the last 2 decades in clinical presentation, initial management, bacterial etiology, and rates of complications of acute mastoiditis (AM) in children.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study including all children diagnosed with AM between 2021 and 2024 in a French tertiary care center. Age at diagnosis, first-line surgical and medical treatment modalities, complications and bacteriological findings were collected.

Performance of clinical metagenomics in France: a prospective observational study.

Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) allows untargeted identification of a broad range of pathogens, including rare or novel microorganisms. Despite the recognition of mNGS as a valuable diagnostic tool for infections, the most relevant indications for this innovative strategy remain poorly defined. We aimed to assess the determinants of positivity and clinical utility of mNGS.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of GeneLEAD VIII DNA Platform Combined to Deeplex Myc-TB Assay to Detect in 8 Days Drug Resistance to 13 Antituberculous Drugs and Transmission of Complex Directly From Clinical Samples.

The GeneLEAD VIII (Diagenode, Belgium) is a new, fully automated, sample-to-result precision instrument for the extraction of DNA and PCR detection of complex (MTBC) directly from clinical samples. The Deeplex Myc-TB assay (Genoscreen, France) is a diagnostic kit based on the deep sequencing of a 24-plexed amplicon mix allowing simultaneously the detection of resistance to 13 antituberculous (antiTB) drugs and the determination of spoligotype. We evaluated the performance of a strategy combining the both mentioned tools to detect directly from clinical samples, in 8 days, MTBC and its resistance to 13 antiTB drugs, and identify potential transmission of strains from patient-to-patient.

Rapid Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Its Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid with Automated MDR/MTB ELITe MGB Assay.

The MDR/MTB ELITe MGB kit (ELITech) carried on the ELITe InGenius platform is a new real-time PCR assay allowing automated extraction and detection of DNA of the complex (MTB) and mutations in the and genes and promoter region (pro-) associated to resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, the two markers of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR). We assessed the performances of the test on a collection of strains ( = 54) and a set of clinical samples ( = 242) from routine practice, comparatively to TB diagnosis and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (gDST) as references. Regarding the 242 clinical samples, the sensitivity and specificity of MTB detection by ELITe were 90.

Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study.

Background: Pyogenic lung abscesses are rare and poorly described infections. This study aimed to describe their prognostic factors.

Methods: We retrospectively included all patients hospitalized between 1 January 1998 and 1 June 2018, with an International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (IDC-10) diagnosis of pyogenic lung abscess, from the Diamm based medical records (Micro6, Nancy, France).

Imported schistosomiasis in Paris region of France: A multicenter study of prevalence and diagnostic methods.

Background: There are few data on imported schistosomiasis - especially in children. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of imported schistosomiasis in at-risk children in the greater Paris region of France and to compare diagnostic methods.

Method: Children at risk of schistosomiasis who consulted or were hospitalized in four hospitals in the greater Paris region were prospectively included.

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: prevalence, favouring pulmonary diseases and prognosis.

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an emerging disease in patients with common chronic pulmonary diseases (CPDs). While its prevalence is linked to tuberculosis (TB) in endemic countries, epidemiological and prognostic data are lacking in low TB incidence countries. The aim of this study was to describe these features in CPA patients hospitalised in France between 2009 and 2018.

PCR and culture for diagnosis of keratitis.

Background/aims: keratitis (AK) is a rare but sight-threatening infection. Molecular diagnosis of corneal scraping has improved the diagnosis of AK. Different molecular targets and conditions have been used in diagnosis thus far.