Effect Modifiers of the Association of High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Bronchiolitis Length of Stay.

Background And Objectives: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy for hospitalized children with bronchiolitis is associated with a longer length of stay (LOS) when used outside of the ICU. We sought to explore the association between HFNC and LOS to identify if demographic and clinical factors may modify the effect of HFNC usage on LOS.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we used a combination of hospital records and the Pediatric Health Information System.

Pediatric Respiratory Illnesses: An Update on Achievable Benchmarks of Care.

Background And Objectives: Pediatric respiratory illnesses (PRI): asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup, and influenza are leading causes of pediatric hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. There is a lack of standardized measures to assess the quality of hospital care delivered for these conditions. We aimed to develop a measure set for automated data extraction from administrative data sets and evaluate its performance including updated achievable benchmarks of care (ABC).

Identification of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Classes and Development of Hyperinflammation Score in Pediatric COVID-19.

The aim of this study is to describe characteristics and hospital course of children admitted with COVID-19 to a tertiary care pediatric center in Southeastern United States, and to present the frequency of three classes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and develop pediatric COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation score (PcHIS). A retrospective cohort study of 68 children was performed. Critical illness was defined as any child requiring respiratory or cardiovascular support or renal replacement therapy.

Risk of Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Febrile Infants With COVID-19.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to describe the clinical characteristics of febrile infants younger than 90 days with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, to investigate the prevalence of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in these infants, and to compare the risk of SBI in SARS-CoV-2-positive febrile infants with sex- and age-matched SARS-CoV- 2-negative febrile infants.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from March to November 2020 in a tertiary children's hospital. Patients were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes and included if age was younger than 90 days, a SARS-CoV-2 test was performed, and at least 1 bacterial culture was collected.

Impact of the Choosing Wisely Campaign Recommendations for Hospitalized Children on Clinical Practice: Trends from 2008 to 2017.

Background: The Choosing Wisely Campaign (CWC) was launched in 2012. Five recommendations to reduce the use of "low-value" services in hospitalized children were published in 2013.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and trends of utilization of these services in tertiary children's hospitals five years before and after the publication of the recommendations.

Choosing Wisely Campaign: Report Card and Achievable Benchmarks of Care for Children's Hospitals.

Objectives: In 2013, the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) released 5 pediatric recommendations for the Choosing Wisely Campaign (CWC). Our goals were to develop a report card on the basis of those recommendations, calculate achievable benchmarks of care (ABCs), and analyze performance among hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System.

Methods: Children hospitalized between January 2013 and September 2015 from 32 Pediatric Health Information System hospitals were studied.

Sensorineural hearing loss in Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease is a common nonspecific vasculitis seen in childhood. The most significant long-term sequela is coronary artery aneurysm. However, the spectrum of complications involves not only the heart, but also other organs such as the eyes, skin, kidneys, gallbladder, liver, and central nervous system.