Spray Drying of Double-Layer Emulsion Stabilised with an Orange Residue: Effect of Process Parameters and Collection Position.

This study investigated the impact of spray-drying conditions, specifically inlet air temperature (Tin: 131-159 °C) and feed rate (FR: 4.9-8.4 g/min), on the microencapsulation of oil in a double-layer emulsion stabilised with orange residue flour (ORF) and soy protein.

Conventional and Novel Strategies for Cellulose Isolation from Nut Shells: A Review.

Nut by-products, particularly shells, are a globally abundant agricultural residue. Their widespread accumulation poses a serious environmental challenge. However, nut shells are of great interest due to their inherent lignocellulosic composition.

Effect of the addition of Chachafruto flour on the stability of oil-in-water emulsions and the physicochemical properties of spray-drying microcapsules.

This study aimed to assess the suitability of Chachafruto flour (CHF) as a stabilizing agent for an oil-in-water emulsion and its impact on the physicochemical properties of the emulsion after spray drying. Emulsions with varying CHF concentrations (2 %, 3 %, and 4 %) were prepared and compared to a control. The results from the creaming index and particle size (emulsion) analyses indicated that the highest emulsion stability was achieved with 4 %CHF, attributed to its protein content (20.

Chachafruto starch: Physicochemical characterization, film-forming properties, and 3D printability.

This work aimed to characterize the physicochemical, film-forming properties, and 3D printability of a nonconventional starch from chachafruto. The chachafruto native starch (CHS) presented an excellent extraction yield (10 % db) and purity (99 % db), along with an oval and round morphology, a smooth surface with few defects, and a mean diameter of 15.4 μm.

Effect of Essential Oils from Lemongrass and Tahiti Lime Residues on the Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan-Based Biodegradable Films.

This work aimed to evaluate the impact of adding two essential oils (EO) from lemongrass (LEO) and Tahiti lime (TLEO) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of chitosan-based biodegradable films. Six film formulations were prepared: two controls with chitosan concentrations of 1% and 1.5% /, two formulations combining the two chitosan concentrations with 1% LEO /, and two formulations combining the two chitosan concentrations with 1% TLEO /.

High-Power Ultrasound in Gas Phase: Effects on the Bioactive Compounds Release from Red Bell Pepper during In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion.

High-power ultrasound in gas-phase (28.8 kW/m for 120 min at 17.5 ± 0.

Artificial Neural Networks to Optimize Oil-in-Water Emulsion Stability with Orange By-Products.

The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed to optimize the formulation of stable oil-in-water emulsions (oil 6% /) with a flour made from orange by-products (OBF), rich in pectins (21 g/100 g fresh matter), in different concentrations (0.95, 2.38, and 3.

Influence of Ulluco Starch Modified by Annealing on the Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Films.

This work aimed to evaluate the use of annealing (ANN) ulluco starch in the preparation of biodegradable films and its impact on the physicochemical properties of the materials. Three film samples (FS1, FS2, and FS3) were prepared at a fixed starch concentration (2.6% /) using glycerol as a plasticizer and then compared to a control sample (FSC) prepared with native ulluco starch.

Non-conventional starch from cubio tuber (Tropaeolum tuberosum): Physicochemical, structural, morphological, thermal characterization and the evaluation of its potential as a packaging material.

This work aimed to characterize the physicochemical, structural, morphological, and thermal properties of a non-conventional starch obtained from cubio (Tropaeolum tuberosum), as well as to evaluate the potential use of this native Andean tuber in the preparation of biodegradable packaging. The cubio starch (CUS) showed an intermediated apparent amylose content (31.2 %) accompanied by a high CIE whiteness index (90.

Measurement of microstructural changes promoted by ultrasound application on plant materials with different porosity.

This research investigated the effects of ultrasound application (192 ± 6 W/L) on the microstructure of vegetables/fruits with different porosities, cell sizes and patterns (eggplants, beetroots, and apples), submitted to an immersion treatment in different liquids: distilled water, citric acid (1% w/v), and the vegetable/fruit juice, at 25 °C during 5 min. The ultrasound application did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the size of the cells of the most porous material (eggplant) compared to the samples immersed without ultrasound assistance.

Influence of Ulluco Starch Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of Starch-Chitosan Biocomposite Films.

This work aimed to prepare ulluco starch (US)/chitosan (Ch) edible films and evaluate the effect of the concentration of US on their physicochemical properties. The use of edible films is a means of adding value to the ulluco crop and evaluating the viability of using new sources to produce packaging materials. Different samples were prepared at different US concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% /) and a fixed chitosan concentration (1.

Mathematical Modelling of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Kinetics of Bioactive Compounds from Artichoke By-Products.

Valorization of an artichoke by-product, rich in bioactive compounds, by ultrasound-assisted extraction, is proposed. The extraction yield curves of total phenolic content (TPC) and chlorogenic acid content (CAC) in 20% ethanol () with agitation (100 rpm) and ultrasound (200 and 335 W/L) were determined at 25, 40, and 60 °C. A mathematical model considering simultaneous diffusion and convection is proposed to simulate the extraction curves and to quantify both temperature and ultrasound power density effects in terms of the model parameters variation.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of ergosterol and antioxidant components from mushroom by-products and the attainment of a β-glucan rich residue.

Revalorization of mushroom by-product (stalks of A. bisporus) by extracting its components is proposed. The extraction kinetics at 25 °C of ergosterol, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by mechanical agitation (at 130 rpm) and ultrasound assistance (at 182 and 321 W/L) in 70 and 96% v/v ethanol/water solutions during 30 min were evaluated and satisfactorily modelled, using the Weibull model (mean relative error ≤ 7.

Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Biocompounds from Orange Byproduct: Experimental Kinetics and Modeling.

Orange byproduct (flavedo and albedo) from juice extraction, was used as raw material for this study. Kinetics of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was experimentally determined during both conventional (agitation at 80 rpm) and ultrasound assisted (at 520 and 790 W/L) aqueous extraction from orange byproduct at 5, 15, and 25 °C. An extraction mathematical model was also developed.

Effects of acoustic power and pH on pectin-enriched extracts obtained from citrus by-products. Modelling of the extraction process.

Background: The ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectic polysaccharides from orange by-products was investigated. Kinetics of mechanical agitation (0.2 × g) and acoustic (US1: 542 W L and US2: 794 W L ) extractions, were obtained and modelled at different pH values (1.

Effects of convective drying and freeze-drying on the release of bioactive compounds from beetroot during in vitro gastric digestion.

Drying may alter the microstructure of vegetables and influence the release of bioactive compounds during digestion. The effects of convective drying (at 60 °C and 2 m s-1; CD) and freeze-drying (at -50 °C and 30 Pa; FD) on the microstructure (evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analyses with ImageJ software) of beetroot and the kinetics of biocompound release (total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA)) during 180 min of in vitro gastric digestion have been studied. Raw beetroot was used as the control.

Characterization of ulluco starch and its potential for use in edible films prepared at low drying temperature.

The aim of this work was to characterize the starch obtained from ulluco (US) and evaluate its use in edible films prepared using different US concentrations (2.0, 2.5, and 3.

Influence of freezing on the bioaccessibility of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) bioactive compounds during in vitro gastric digestion.

Background: The effect of freezing (in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C , at -80 °C and at -20 °C) on the food matrix structure and the consequent effect on the bioaccessibility of total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of beetroot was investigated by an in vitro digestion method. The in vitro digestion involved incubation in simulated saliva followed by incubation in simulated gastric juice. Bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds was evaluated by measuring the TPC and the AA during in vitro digestion in both the beetroot matrix and the gastric juice.

Application of power ultrasound on the convective drying of fruits and vegetables: effects on quality.

Drying gives rise to products with a long shelf life by reducing the water activity to a level that is sufficiently low to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, enzymatic reactions and other deteriorative reactions. Despite the benefits of this operation, the quality of heat sensitive products is diminished when high temperatures are used. The use of low drying temperatures reduces the heat damage but, because of a longer drying time, oxidation reactions occur and a reduction of the quality is also observed.

Effect of different drying procedures on the bioactive polysaccharide acemannan from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller).

The main effects of different drying procedures: spray-, industrial freeze-, refractance window- and radiant zone-drying, on acemannan, the main bioactive polysaccharide from Aloe vera gel, were investigated. All the drying procedures caused a considerable decrease in the acemannan yield (∼40%). Degradation affected not only the backbone, as indicated by the important losses of (1→4)-linked mannose units, but also the side-chains formed by galactose.

Effects of freezing, freeze drying and convective drying on in vitro gastric digestion of apples.

The influence of processing (freezing at -196°C in liquid N2, FN sample; freeze-drying at -50°C and 30Pa, FD sample; and convective drying at 60°C and 2m/s, CD sample) on apple (var. Granny Smith) behavior during in vitro gastric digestion was investigated. Dried apples (FD and CD samples) were rehydrated prior to digestion.

Optimisation of the addition of carrot dietary fibre to a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada) using artificial neural networks.

An optimisation problem was formulated to maximise the amount of carrot dietary fibre (CDF) in a dry fermented sausage, while maintaining product quality, by using 0-12% CDF as the decision variable, and limiting values of several physico-chemical and textural parameters (moisture content, water activity, pH, colour, non-protein nitrogen, free fatty acid, compression work and hardness) as constraints. The evolution of each quality parameter during the ripening process was estimated by developing a multi-layer feed forward artificial neural network (ANN), taking into consideration the CDF concentration and the ripening time as independent variables. Results indicate an optimum CDF concentration of 4.

Effects of addition of carrot dietary fibre on the ripening process of a dry fermented sausage (sobrassada).

Four formulations of a dry fermented sausage, known as sobrassada, containing different percentages of carrot dietary fibre (DF) [3% (S3), 6% (S6), 9% (S9) and 12% (S12) (w/w)] were analyzed for various physico-chemical and microbiological parameters and sensory attributes. The ripening process was monitored throughout storage. The pH of DF-supplemented sobrassadas was critically affected during ripening by the amount of DF incorporated, the values for sobrassada samples containing over 3% of DF suggested that the fermentation process in these samples was not successful.