Advancing Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes: A Low-Cost, Eco-Friendly Mechanofusion Route from TiO Coating to Ti Doping.

Layered oxide battery cathodes often require extra stabilization strategies, such as surface coating or doping, to mitigate side reactions and enhance longevity. Conventional methods such as aqueous deposition and atomic layer deposition are costly and environmentally unfriendly and even damage the original structure, especially for air-sensitive sodium-ion battery (SIB) cathodes. Herein, we introduce an all-dry mechanofusion technique that modifies hydroxide precursors with TiO coating before sintering with a sodium source.