Comprehensive analysis of oncogenic determinants across tumor types via multi-omics integration.

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive uncontrolled cellular proliferation and survival. This review provides a comprehensive overview of key cancer driver genes, including oncogenes such as KRAS and PIK3CA, as well as tumor suppressor genes like TP53, PTEN, and CDKN2A, highlighting their molecular mechanisms and roles across various types of cancer. Leveraging insights from large-scale cancer genome initiatives and whole-genome sequencing, we examine the landscape of somatic mutations and their association with hallmark cancer pathways, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion.

Demystifying Intricate Factors of Nutritional Anemia Beyond Iron Deficiency-A Narrative Review.

Background & Aims: Nutritional anemia is a widespread public health issue, impacting about one-quarter of the global population (24.3% in 2021; ∼1.92 billion people).

Obesity as a Chronic Disease: A Narrative Review of Evolving Definitions, Management Strategies, and Cardiometabolic Prioritization.

Obesity is a multifactorial, complex disease that is driven by genetic, biological, environmental, and behavioral factors. In this review, we explain the key contributors to obesity, limitations in current definitions, its relationship with cardiometabolic health, and recent advancements in treatment. Obesity is characterized by the presence of excess and dysfunctional adipose tissue, driven by chronic inflammation and maladaptive energy homeostasis.

2D self-assembly of twisted porphyrins appended on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction.

The spontaneous formation of an ordered array of twisted cobalt(II) porphyrins yields a 2D self-assembled structure that is then wrapped around multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and characterized using different techniques. The structure of β-tetracyano--tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(II) (2-Co) shows axial ligation of the metal center with cyano groups when it is adsorbed on the nanotube sidewalls, and the nanotube acts as a template for the formation of the framework layer. The electrocatalytic applications of the formed conjugate are explored in terms of the activity and the selectivity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in basic media.

The Emergence of Bioactive Peptides as Anti-diabetic Agents: A Review.

A complex condition called diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficient or resistant insulin production. The incidence of diseases is rising quickly, placing a significant economic, social, and health burden on the modern world. Interventions in nutrition and improved physical activity could make a big difference in controlling this disease.