Toxin and capsule production by Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis influence pathogenicity in macrophages and animal models.

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) causes anthrax-like disease in animals, particularly in the non-human primates and great apes of West and Central Africa. Genomic analyses revealed Bcbva as a member of the B. cereus species that carries two plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBCXO2, which have high sequence homology to the B.

Spatial and phylogenetic patterns reveal hidden infection sources of Bacillus anthracis in an anthrax outbreak in Son La province, Vietnam.

Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial cause of anthrax, is a zoonosis affecting livestock and wildlife often spilling over into humans. In Vietnam, anthrax has been nationally reportable since 2015 with cases occurring annually, mostly in the northern provinces. In April 2022, an outbreak was reported in Son La province following the butchering of a water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis.

Beyond the spore, the exosporium sugar anthrose impacts vegetative Bacillus anthracis gene regulation in cis and trans.

The Bacillus anthracis exosporium nap is the outermost portion of spore that interacts with the environment and host systems. Changes to this layer have the potential to impact wide-ranging physiological and immunological processes. The unique sugar, anthrose, normally coats the exosporium nap at its most distal points.

Characterization of Bacillus anthracis replication and persistence on environmental substrates associated with wildlife anthrax outbreaks.

Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by the environmentally maintained, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife nearly worldwide. Bacterial spores are ingested, inhaled, and may be mechanically transmitted by biting insects or injection as occurs during heroin-associated human cases. Herbivorous hoofstock are very susceptible to anthrax.

Use of Recombinant Strains in Immunofluorescence Assays for Melioidosis Diagnosis.

is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis in humans and animals in the tropics. The clinical manifestations of melioidosis are diverse, ranging from localized infections to whole-body sepsis. The effective serological method is crucial for the point-of-care diagnosis of melioidosis.

Humoral Immune Responses to Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia.

, the Gram-negative bacterium which causes melioidosis, is a threat to human and a wide range of animal species. There is an increased concern of melioidosis in Indonesian primate facilities, especially following case reports of fatal melioidosis in captive macaques and orangutans. Our preliminary serosurveillance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to lipopolysaccharide showed that a significant number of captive and wild macaques in the western part of Java, Indonesia, have been exposed to To better characterize the humoral immune response in those animals, a panel of assays were conducted on the same blood plasma specimens that were taken from 182 cynomolgus macaques () and 88 pig-tailed macaques () reared in captive enclosures and wild habitats in the western part of Java, Indonesia.

Investigation of Melioidosis Outbreak in Pig Farms in Southern Thailand.

Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium , is a potentially life-threatening infection that can affect humans and a wide variety of animals in the tropics. In December 2017, a swine melioidosis case was discovered during a meat inspection at a privately-owned slaughterhouse in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in southern Thailand. The infection, which continued for several months, caused a dispute about where the disease began.

Apoptosis and abundance of Bcl-2 family and transforming growth factor β1 signaling proteins in canine myxomatous mitral valves.

Objectives: To determine the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis within canine myxomatous valves and to evaluate whether TGFβ1 can be implicated as an anti-apoptosic signal through the Bcl-2 family of signaling proteins.

Animals: Post-mortem mitral valve leaflets harvested from 5 normal dogs, 5 dogs with early-stage myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and 5 dogs with late-stage MMVD.

Materials And Methods: The number of cells expressing cleaved caspase-3, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL marker) and apoptotic bodies were evaluated as a measure of apoptosis.