Oestrogen replacement combined with resistance exercise in older women with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Interventions targeting physical function decline in older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are vital for healthy ageing. The additive benefits of combining oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) with resistance exercise remain unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the additive effect of low-dose ERT on physical performance when combined with a muscle resistance exercise programme (MREP) in older women with KOA.

Current status of prehabilitation before esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer among board-certified hospitals by the Japan Esophageal Society.

Background: Prehabilitation has been shown to prevent postoperative pneumonia and physical function decline after esophagectomy in recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the implementation status of prehabilitation for esophagectomy remains unknown. This nationwide survey was performed to investigate the current status of and barriers to prehabilitation before esophagectomy among Japanese hospitals.

Association between accelerometer-measured light-intensity physical activity and tumor regression for male patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Physical activity has the potential to promote tumor regression in patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC); however, the benefits of light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of LIPA on tumor regression in male patients with esophageal cancer during NAC and its optimal cutoff value.

Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study included all male patients who underwent NAC or curative esophagectomy.

Effectiveness of exercise therapy on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with ovarian cancer: A scoping review.

Background & Aims: Exercise therapy is a potentially beneficial treatment option for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). However, there is a lack of consensus on the management of CIPN in patients with ovarian cancer. The purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and explore key physical fitness parameters.

Regulatory effects of antioxidants on indoxyl sulfate-enhanced intracellular oxidation and impaired phagocytic activity in differentiated U937 human macrophage cells.

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, is a physiologically active sulfated metabolite, specifically in kidney failure patients. Our previous studies have shown that IS downregulates phagocytic immune function in a differentiated HL-60 human macrophage cell model. However, it remains unclear whether IS exerts similar effects on macrophage function in other cell types or in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitive immune cell models.

Effectiveness of prehabilitation during neoadjuvant therapy for patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer: a systematic review.

Progression of the physical weakness during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer is a serious problem; however, prehabilitation during NAT has the potential to overcome the unmet need. Nevertheless, systematic reviews on this topic have not been summarized. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to determine prehabilitation's effectiveness, acceptability, and safety during NAT for patients with esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer.

Analysis of respiratory-induced motion trajectories of individual liver segments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: To analyze the respiratory-induced motion trajectories of each liver segment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to derive a more accurate internal margin and optimize treatment protocol selection.

Materials And Methods: Ten-phase-gated four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans of 14 patients with HCC were analyzed. For each patient, eight representative regions of interest (ROI) were delineated on each liver segment in all 10 phases.

Effects of Nutritional Support Combined with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Strength and Thickness: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Young Adult Males.

In the management of post-injury patients with activity limitations, methods to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and hasten recovery are important. This randomized controlled, single-blinded study was a preliminary investigation of the combined effect of nutritional support with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle strength and thickness. Healthy young adult males (median age, 21 years) were enrolled; each of their hands was randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: Placebo, Nutrition, NMES, and Nutrition + NMES.

Dosimetric effect of six degrees of freedom couch top with rotational setup error corrections in proton therapy.

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric effect of six degrees of freedom (6DoF) couch top with rotational corrections in proton therapy (PT).

Methods: The water equivalent thickness (WET) was measured using a proton beam with a 6DoF couch top and patient immobilization base plate (PIBP) placed in front of a motorized water phantom. The accuracy verification was performed with the beam axis set perpendicular to the 6DoF couch top and tilted in 10° steps from 10° to 30°.

Validity of the 30-Second Chair-Stand Test to Assess Exercise Tolerance and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Study with Reference to 6-Minute Walk Test Results.

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the validity of a 30-sec chair stand test (CS-30) as a simple test to assess exercise tolerance and clinical outcomes in 53 Japanese patients with esophageal cancer. There was a strong correlation between the results of CS-30 and the 6-min walk test (6MWT), the gold standard for assessing exercise tolerance (r=0.759).

The combined intervention of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and nutrition therapy: A scoping review.

Background & Aims: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a safe and appropriate complement to voluntary resistance training for muscle weakness. However, its feasibility and effectiveness in combination with nutritional therapy remains unclear. This scoping review aimed to summarize the evidence on combined interventions for individuals with or at risk of sarcopenia for guiding future relevant research.

Protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial on the effect of oestrogen replacement on physical performance to muscle resistance exercise for older women with osteoarthritis of knee joint: the EPOK trial.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is highly prevalent in older women, and previous studies suggest the involvement of hormonal factors play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. KOA causes musculoskeletal impairment, resulting in decreased physical activity, muscle mass, and strength, which leads to sarcopenia and further increases the burden on healthcare systems. Oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) improves joint pain and muscle performance in early menopausal women.

Risk factors for readmission in schizophrenia treated with combined psychoeducation and standard therapy.

Background: We conducted a historical cohort study of patients with schizophrenia to identify more robust risk factors at discharge that contribute to readmission within a year.

Methods And Findings: The subjects underwent brief psychoeducation during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis was conducted using factors selected in the univariate analysis.

Classification of medial longitudinal arch kinematics during running and characteristics of foot muscle morphology in novice runners with pronated foot.

Background: Novice runners with pronated feet are at an increased risk of running-related injuries. However, not all runners with pronated feet have increased foot pronation during running. Moreover, although foot muscle morphology is related to static foot alignment, the relationship between foot muscle morphology and foot kinematics during running remains unclear.

Conventional Trabeculotomy versus Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Conventional trabeculotomy (CT) is performed in an ab-externo manner with at most 120 degrees of incision area of Schlemm's canal (SC). Recently, gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT), which makes possible a 360-degree incision area of SC in an ab-interno manner, is introduced. The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes for CT and GATT with and without simultaneous phacoemulsification over 24 months and to identify factors associated with surgical success.

Effectiveness of early exercise on reducing skeletal muscle loss during preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer.

Purpose: To investigate if early exercise can help prevent skeletal muscle loss and improve the clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patients receiving preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective observational cohort study of 110 patients with advanced esophageal cancer. We analyzed the effect of early exercise on the risk of skeletal muscle loss (defined as > 2.

Dosimetric impact of simulated changes in large bowel content during proton therapy with simultaneous integrated boost for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric impact of changes in the large bowel content during proton therapy (PT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients with LAPC were included in this study. The SIB method was performed using five fields according to our standard protocol.

Relationship between foot muscle morphology and severity of pronated foot deformity and foot kinematics during gait: A preliminary study.

Background: The morphology of foot muscles that support the medial longitudinal arch differs between normal and pronated feet. The degree to which the difference depends on the severity of the pronated foot deformity is unclear. In the clinical setting, however, to reduce the pronated deformity, muscle-strengthening exercises are performed.

Progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy associated with chorioretinal microvascular embolism after intranasal injection of a corticosteroid suspension.

A patient with glaucoma developed sudden blurred vision immediately after the nasal mucosal injection of a betamethasone acetate solution into the inferior turbinate. The fundus examination revealed several white emboli in the choroidal vessels of the temporal region of the optic disc. After vigorous massage, her visual acuity recovered from counting fingers to 20/32.

Intraocular pressure elevation after subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection; Multicentre retrospective cohort study in Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate real-world evidence for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection (STTA) in 1252 Japanese patients (1406 eyes) in the Japan Clinical REtina STudy group (J-CREST).

Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective study of the medical records of 1252 patients (676 men (758 eyes); mean age: 63.8 ± 12.

An uncertainty metric to evaluate deformation vector fields for dose accumulation in radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: In adaptive radiotherapy, deformable image registration (DIR) is used to propagate delineations of tumors and organs into a new therapy plan and to calculate the accumulated total dose. Many DIR accuracy metrics have been proposed. An alternative proposed here could be a local uncertainty (LU) metric for DIR results.

Co(III) Complexes with NS-Type Ligands as Structural/Functional Models for the Isocyanide Hydrolysis Reaction Catalyzed by Nitrile Hydratase.

It has been before reported that, in addition to hydration of nitriles, the Fe-type nitrile hydratase (NHase) also catalyzes the hydrolysis of tert-butylisocyanide ( tBuNC). In order to investigate the unique isocyanide hydrolysis by NHase, we prepared three related Co(III) model complexes, PPh[Co(L)] (1), PPh[Co(L-O)] (2), and PPh[Co(L-O)] (3), where L is bis( N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)aminopropyl)sulfide. The suffixes L-O and L-O indicate ligands with a sulfenate and a sulfinate and with two sulfinates, respectively, instead of the two thiolates of L.