Discrimination of normal and wooden breast chicken fillets using NIR, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy.

Wooden breast (WB) is a concerning myopathy affecting broilers that results in hardened and pale fillets, with lowered pysicochemical, technological and textural traits. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been successful to sort defective meat, but other spectroscopic methods, such as fluorescence emission, based on the detection of fluorophores, and Raman, based on inelastic scattering, have never been tested for this purpose. Breasts (40 normal, 40 WB) from a commercial slaughterhouse were selected by an experienced veterinarian and measured with NIRS (780-1080 nm), fluorescence emission (350-580 nm) after excitation at 330 nm, and Raman (100-3250 cm, 50 s of exposure moving the sample).

Cardiac implications of chicken wooden breast myopathy.

Introduction: Wooden breast disease is a myopathy of the skeletal muscle in chickens of commercial breeding. Although the underlying pathophysiology remains unknown, we and others have previously shown that affected broilers display varying degrees of fibrosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, inflammation, and alterations in various molecular signaling pathways. Other myopathy conditions, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, also affect the cardiac muscle and are associated with fibrosis and reduced cardiac function.

The role of biospectroscopy and chemometrics as enabling technologies for upcycling of raw materials from the food industry.

It is important to utilize the entire animal in meat and fish production to ensure sustainability. Rest raw materials, such as bones, heads, trimmings, and skin, contain essential nutrients that can be transformed into high-value products. Enzymatic protein hydrolysis (EPH) is a bioprocess that can upcycle these materials to create valuable proteins and fats.

In-line Raman spectroscopy for characterization of an industrial poultry raw material stream.

In this work, we evaluated the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as an in-line raw material characterization tool for industrial process control of the hydrolysis of poultry rest raw material. We established calibrations (N = 59) for fat, protein, ash (proxy for bone) and hydroxyproline (proxy for collagen) in ground poultry rest raw material. Calibrations were established in the laboratory using poultry samples with high compositional variation.

Raman spectroscopy and NIR hyperspectral imaging for in-line estimation of fatty acid features in salmon fillets.

Raman spectroscopy was compared with near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging for determination of fat composition (%EPA + DHA) in salmon fillets at short exposure times. Fillets were measured in movement for both methods. Salmon were acquired from several different farming locations in Norway with different feeding regimes, representing a realistic variation of salmon in the market.

Preprocessing Strategies for Sparse Infrared Spectroscopy: A Case Study on Cartilage Diagnostics.

The aim of the study was to optimize preprocessing of sparse infrared spectral data. The sparse data were obtained by reducing broadband Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectra of bovine and human cartilage, as well as of simulated spectral data, comprising several thousand spectral variables into datasets comprising only seven spectral variables. Different preprocessing approaches were compared, including simple baseline correction and normalization procedures, and model-based preprocessing, such as multiplicative signal correction (MSC).