Correction: The correlation between antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance: a 3-year retrospective study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.

The correlation between antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance: a 3-year retrospective study.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms have increased all over the world, which is considered a public health threat. The emergence of MDR bacterial pathogens correlates with the increased antibiotic usage. This study aimed to determine the correlation between antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance within 3 years.

Age, Race, and Ethnicity of Maternal Grandparents in Autism Spectrum Disorder, a California Multigenerational Study.

We investigated associations between maternal grandparents' age and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in grandchildren, exploring differences by race/ethnicity. In a multigenerational California birth cohort study including 1,743,998 and 1,630,722 mother-child pairs (with 27,975 and 25,816 ASD cases, respectively), we examined ASD risk by grandmother's and grandfather's age at the time when their daughter was born. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.

The Reallocation of Sedentary Time Is Associated with Longitudinal Improvements in Cardiometabolic Outcomes during Childhood.

Objective: To use isotemporal substitution modeling to test how reallocating sedentary time to other movement behaviors is associated with longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic outcomes in children.

Study Design: Fifty-four children from the BrainChild Longitudinal Study completed 2 study visits 2 years apart, in which fasting blood draws were collected, and children wore wrist-accelerometers for 7-days. Isotemporal substitution modeling was used to evaluate the impact of reallocating 30 minutes of sedentary time with other movement behaviors (light-activity, moderate-physical-activity, vigorous-physical-activity, and sleep) on changes in cardiometabolic outcomes (body mass index, body-fat percent, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, fasting c-peptide, and insulin resistance) over 2-years adjusted for child age, sex, and puberty.

Prenatal exposure to criteria air pollution and traffic-related air toxics and risk of autism spectrum disorder: A population-based cohort study of California births (1990-2018).

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence has risen steadily in California (CA) over several decades, with environmental factors like air pollution (AP) increasingly implicated. This study investigates associations between prenatal exposure to both criteria AP and traffic-related air toxics and ASD risk for 1990-2018 births.

Methods: Utilizing CA Department of Public Health birth registry data from 1990 to 2018, linked with ASD diagnoses from the CA Department of Developmental Services (n = 13,591,003 children; ASD cases = 138,460, identified from birth year through 2022, allowing for a follow-up ranging from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 32 years) we assessed prenatal exposure to PM, NO, O, and six traffic-related air toxics (benzene, 1,3-butadiene, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc) using machine learning-enhanced land-use regression models.

Exploring the link between grandmaternal air pollution exposure and Grandchild's ASD risk: A multigenerational population-based study in California.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing prevalence. While genetics play a strong causal role, among environmental factors, air pollution (AP) exposure in pregnancy and infancy has been strongly endorsed as a risk factor. However, potential multigenerational impacts through the exposure of the grandmother during her pregnancy remain unexplored.

Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Unveiling Multipollutant Risks and Sociodemographic Influences in California.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence worldwide. Air pollution may be a major contributor to the rise in ASD cases. This study investigated how the risk of ASD associated with prenatal and early postnatal exposure to specific air pollutants is modified by key sociodemographic factors, exploring vulnerable exposure periods.

Maternal COVID-19 Infection during Pregnancy among Children Born between 3/2020 and 2/2023 and Potential Disparities.

Purpose: This study aims to assess rates of COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy among children born during the original, Delta and Omicron waves, and to identify potential disparities.

Methods: This birth cohort includes 125,152 children born from 3/1/2020 to 2/28/2023 in southern California. Data on maternal COVID-19 infection, demographics, and health status were extracted from electronic medical records.

Discordant sibling analysis of autism risk associated with prenatal exposure to tailpipe and non-tailpipe particulate matter pollution.

Background: We previously assessed associations of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) tracers reflecting tailpipe (elemental carbon [EC] and organic carbon [OC]) and non-tailpipe emissions (copper [Cu], iron [Fe] and manganese [Mn]) with risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large pregnancy cohort. To address genetic and family environment confounding, we conducted an ASD-discordant sibling study.

Methods: Data included 4024 children (1837 with and 2187 siblings without ASD) born to 1801 unique mothers who had at least one child diagnosed with ASD by age 5, and one child without ASD.

Baseline predictors of antibiotics de-escalation from empirical therapies in an intensive care unit: a five-year retrospective study.

Background: The alarming rate of bacterial resistance has urged for vigorous antibiotic de-escalation cultures worldwide. However, the art of de-escalation remains challenging as most clinicians have the fear or stigma that antibiotic de-escalation is strongly associated with higher mortality. This study aimed to determine the factors strongly correlated with higher mortality rates after antibiotic de-escalation and possibly serve as a benchmark study for developing a validated antibiotic de-escalation tool in the near future.

The potential effects of hypothetical PM2.5 interventions on childhood autism in different neighborhood socioeconomic contexts.

Particulate air pollution is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with disadvantaged neighborhoods potentially increasing vulnerability due to stress or other social determinants of health. Understanding the impact of air pollution interventions on ASD incidence across neighborhood disadvantage levels can guide policies to protect vulnerable populations. We examined two sets of hypothetical PM2.

Prenatal Exposure to Source-Specific Fine Particulate Matter and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

In this study, associations between prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from 9 sources and development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were assessed in a population-based retrospective pregnancy cohort in southern California. The cohort included 318,750 mother-child singleton pairs.

Decomposing the variance: The unique and shared associations of fine and ultrafine particulate matter exposed during pregnancy with child autism spectrum disorder.

While fine particulate matter (PM) has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), few studies focused on ultrafine particles (PM). Given that fine and ultrafine particles can be highly correlated due to shared emission sources, challenges remain to distinguish their health effects. In a retrospective cohort of 318,371 mother-child pairs (4549 ASD cases before age 5) in Southern California, pregnancy average PM and PM were estimated using a California-based chemical transport model and assigned to residential addresses.

Depression and Anxiety Among US Children and Young Adults.

Importance: Data from surveys show increased mental health disorders in youths. However, little is known about clinical diagnosis over time.

Objective: To assess the incidence, prevalence, and changes from 2017 to 2021 for depression and anxiety diagnosed clinically among children, adolescents, and young adults and to identify potential disparities.

Narratives of pregnancy across 19 Countries: Analysis of a 1.5-billion-word news media database.

Pregnancy is a universal experience shaped by sociocultural contexts. News media presents a unique opportunity to analyze public narratives of pregnancy and how it differs across cultures. Our study aims to (1) identify the most prevalent overall themes in news media narratives of pregnancy across 19 English-speaking countries, and (2) compare pregnancy narratives across geographic regions.

Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children.

Objectives: Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Preeclampsia Onset, Days to Delivery, and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring: Clinical Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Maternal preeclampsia is associated with a risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in offspring. However, it is unknown whether the increased ASD risk associated with preeclampsia is due to preeclampsia onset or clinical management of preeclampsia after onset, as clinical expectant management of preeclampsia allows pregnant women with this complication to remain pregnant for potentially weeks depending on the onset and severity. Identifying the risk associated with preeclampsia onset and exposure provides evidence to support the care of high-risk pregnancies and reduce adverse effects on offspring.

News media coverage of LGBT identities over 10 years in a 400-million-word corpus.

Background: This study is the first to analyze LGBT portrayals in a news media dataset over a decade (2010-2020). We selected Singapore as a country of interest, emblematic of a nation grappling with state-encouraged heteronormativity and a remnant colonial law against homosexuality (377A), fraught with calls for its repeal that was only enacted in 2022. Our study is interested in this period bookended by challenge and change, particularly in newspaper portrayals of LGBT narratives.

Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children.

Objectives: Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Powerful tool or too powerful? Early public discourse about ChatGPT across 4 million tweets.

Background: This paper investigates initial exuberance and emotions surrounding ChatGPT's first three months of launch (1 December 2022-1 March 2023). The impetus for studying active discussions surrounding its implications, fears, and opinions is motivated by its nascent popularity and potential to disrupt existing professions; compounded by its significance as a crucial inflexion point in history. Capturing the public zeitgeist on new innovations-much like the advent of the printing press, radio, newspapers, or the internet-provides a retrospective overview of public sentiments, common themes, and issues.

Associations between brake and tire wear-related PM metal components, particulate oxidative stress potential, and autism spectrum disorder in Southern California.

Background: Air pollution is a global health concern, with fine particulate matter (PM) constituents posing potential risks to human health, including children's neurodevelopment. Here we investigated associations between exposure during pregnancy and infancy to specific traffic-related PM components with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis.

Methods: For exposure assessment, we estimated PM components related to traffic exposure (Barium [Ba] as a marker of brake dust and Zinc [Zn] as a tire wear marker, Black Carbon [BC]) and oxidative stress potential (OSP) markers (Hydroxyl Radical [OP] formation, Dithiothreitol activity [OP], reactive oxygen species [ROS]) modeled with land use regression with co-kriging based on an intensive air monitoring campaign.

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Population With Health Insurance.

Importance: Family socioeconomic status has been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses. Less is known regarding the role of neighborhood disadvantage in the United States, particularly when children have similar access to health insurance.

Objective: To evaluate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and the diagnosis of ASD and potential effect modification by maternal and child demographic characteristics.

Types of diabetes during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety in offspring from childhood to young adulthood.

Aims: To assess maternal pre-existing type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety from childhood to young adulthood in offspring.

Materials And Methods: This birth cohort included singletons born during 1995-2015, followed using electronic medical records through 2020. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of depression or anxiety diagnosis during follow-up associated with in-utero exposure to maternal diabetes.

Prenatal Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Mental Health Outcomes and Physical Activity has a Modifying Role.

Background: Studies suggest a link between prenatal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposure and poor mental health outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal GDM exposure and depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and assessed physical activity as a potential modifier of these associations.

Method: Seventy children (Age: 12(2.