Performance of Creatinine and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Patients With Heart Failure.

Background: The performance of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among patients with heart failure (HF) may be worse than in the general population due to a higher prevalence of confounding factors affecting creatinine and cystatin C. Studies in this area are scarce and not stratified by type of HF. We evaluated the performance of current creatinine and cystatin C equations (eGFR creatinine-based equation [eGFRcr], eGFR serum cystatin C-based, and eGFR creatinine-cystatin C equation) compared with measured GFR (mGFR) among patients with HF stratified by ejection fraction.

Mapping Source-Specific Air Pollution Exposures Using Positive Matrix Factorization Applied to Multipollutant Mobile Monitoring in Seattle, WA.

Mobile monitoring strategies are increasingly used to provide fine spatial estimates of multiple air pollutant concentrations. This study demonstrates a novel approach using positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to multipollutant mobile monitoring data to assess source-specific air pollution exposures and to estimate associated emission factors. Data were collected from one-year mobile monitoring, with an average of 26 repeated measures of size-resolved particle number counts (PNC), PM, BC, NO, and CO at 309 sites in Seattle from 2019 to 2020.

Air pollution exposures in early life and brain development in children (ABC): protocol for a pregnancy cohort study.

Introduction: Air pollution is linked with poor neurodevelopment in high-income countries. Comparable data are scant for low-income countries, where exposures are higher. Longitudinal pregnancy cohort studies are optimal for individual exposure assessment during critical windows of brain development and examination of neurodevelopment.

Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the third leading cause of death in 2019. Although tobacco smoking is the predominant risk factor, the role of long-term air pollution exposure in increasing the risk of COPD remains unclear. Moreover, few studies that account for smoking history and other known risk factors have been conducted in racially and ethnically minoritized and socioeconomically diverse populations.

Integrated hepatic transcriptomics and metabolomics identify Pck1 as a key factor in the broad dysregulation induced by vehicle pollutants.

Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with worldwide morbidity and mortality. Diesel exhaust (DE) emissions are important contributors which induce vascular inflammation and metabolic disturbances by unknown mechanisms. We aimed to determine molecular pathways activated by DE in the liver that could be responsible for its cardiometabolic toxicity.

Imlunestrant, an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader, as Monotherapy and in Combination With Targeted Therapy in Estrogen Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase Ia/Ib EMBER Study.

Purpose: Imlunestrant is a next-generation oral selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader designed to deliver continuous ER target inhibition, including in mutant breast cancer. This phase Ia/b trial determined the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of imlunestrant, as monotherapy and in combination with targeted therapy, in ER-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) and endometrial endometrioid cancer. The ER+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) ABC experience is reported here.

Quantifying the contributions of road and air traffic to ambient ultrafine particles in two urban communities.

Traffic-related activities are widely acknowledged as a primary source of urban ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs). However, a notable gap exists in quantifying the contributions of road and air traffic to size-resolved and total UFPs in urban areas. This study aims to delineate and quantify the traffic's contributions to size-resolved and total UFPs in two urban communities.

Modified FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab with and without nivolumab for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 2 results from the CheckMate 9X8 randomized clinical trial.

Background: Standard first-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) include fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens with oxaliplatin and/or irinotecan and a biologic agent. Immunotherapy may enhance antitumor activity in combination with standard therapies in patients with mCRC. Here, we present phase 2 results of nivolumab plus standard-of-care therapy (SOC; 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin/bevacizumab) versus SOC in the first-line treatment of patients with mCRC (CheckMate 9X8).

Coarse Particulate Matter and Markers of Inflammation and Coagulation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Population: A Repeat Measures Analysis.

Background: In contrast to fine particles, less is known of the inflammatory and coagulation impacts of coarse particulate matter (, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ). Toxicological research suggests that these pathways might be important processes by which impacts health, but there are relatively few epidemiological studies due to a lack of a national monitoring network.

Objectives: We used new spatiotemporal exposure models to examine associations of both 1-y and 1-month average concentrations with markers of inflammation and coagulation.

Association between Airport Ultrafine Particles and Lung Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Ultrafine particles (UFP) are unregulated air pollutants abundant in aviation exhaust. Emerging evidence suggests that UFPs may impact lung health due to their high surface area-to-mass ratio and deep penetration into airways. This study aimed to assess long-term exposure to airport-related UFPs and lung cancer incidence in a multiethnic population in Los Angeles County.

Traffic-related air pollution and dementia incidence in the Adult Changes in Thought Study.

Background: While epidemiologic evidence links higher levels of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) to decreased cognitive function, fewer studies have investigated links with traffic-related air pollution (TRAP), and none have examined ultrafine particles (UFP, ≤100 nm) and late-life dementia incidence.

Objective: To evaluate associations between TRAP exposures (UFP, black carbon [BC], and nitrogen dioxide [NO]) and late-life dementia incidence.

Methods: We ascertained dementia incidence in the Seattle-based Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) prospective cohort study (beginning in 1994) and assessed ten-year average TRAP exposures for each participant based on prediction models derived from an extensive mobile monitoring campaign.

Impact of pancreas transplantation alone on kidney function: A multicenter clinical cohort study.

Pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) is a β cell replacement option for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; concerns have been raised regarding deterioration in kidney function (KF) after PTA. This retrospective multicenter study assessed actual impact of transplantation and immunosuppression on KF in PTA recipients at three Transplant Centers. The primary composite endpoint 10 years after PTA was >50% eGFR decline, eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.

Brentuximab vedotin with dacarbazine or nivolumab as frontline cHL therapy for older patients ineligible for chemotherapy.

Older patients with advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) have inferior outcomes compared with younger patients, potentially due to comorbidities and frailty. This noncomparative phase 2 study enrolled patients aged ≥60 years with cHL unfit for conventional chemotherapy to receive frontline brentuximab vedotin (BV; 1.8 mg/kg) with dacarbazine (DTIC; 375 mg/m2) (part B) or nivolumab (part D; 3 mg/kg).

Characterizing Ultrafine Particle Mobile Monitoring Data for Epidemiology.

Mobile monitoring is increasingly used to assess exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs), including ultrafine particles (UFPs). Due to the rapid spatial decrease in the concentration of UFPs and other TRAPs with distance from roadways, mobile measurements may be non-representative of residential exposures, which are commonly used for epidemiologic studies. Our goal was to develop, apply, and test one possible approach for using mobile measurements in exposure assessment for epidemiology.

Particulate matter, traffic-related air pollutants, and circulating C-reactive protein levels: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Inhaled particles and gases can harm health by promoting chronic inflammation in the body. Few studies have investigated the relationship between outdoor air pollution and inflammation by race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle risk factors. We examined associations of particulate matter (PM) and other markers of traffic-related air pollution with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation.

Race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate equation in kidney transplant recipients: development and validation study.

Objective: To compare the performance of a newly developed race-free kidney recipient specific glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equation with the three current main equations for measuring GFR in kidney transplant recipients.

Design: Development and validation study SETTING: 17 cohorts in Europe, the United States, and Australia (14 transplant centres, three clinical trials).

Participants: 15 489 adults (3622 in development cohort (Necker, Saint Louis, and Toulouse hospitals, France), 11 867 in multiple external validation cohorts) who received kidney transplants between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2021.

Impact of Mobile Monitoring Network Design on Air Pollution Exposure Assessment Models.

Short-term mobile monitoring campaigns are increasingly used to assess long-term air pollution exposure in epidemiology. Little is known about how monitoring network design features, including the number of stops and sampling temporality, impacts exposure assessment models. We address this gap by leveraging an extensive mobile monitoring campaign conducted in the greater Seattle area over the course of a year during all days of the week and most hours.

Evaluation of the effects of elevated CO concentrations on the growth of cassava storage roots by destructive harvests and ground penetrating radar scanning approaches.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production will need to be improved to meet future food demands in Sub-Saharan Africa. The selection of high-yielding cassava cultivars requires a better understanding of storage root development. Additionally, since future production will happen under increasing atmospheric CO concentrations ([CO ]), cultivar selection should include responsiveness to elevated [CO ].

Indoor Air Quality Intervention in Schools: Effectiveness of a Portable HEPA Filter Deployment in Five Schools Impacted by Roadway and Aircraft Pollution Sources.

The Healthy Air, Healthy Schools Study was established to better understand the impact of ultrafine particles (UFPs) on indoor air quality in communities surrounding Seattle-Tacoma (Sea-Tac) International Airport. The study team took multipollutant measurements of indoor and outdoor air pollution at five participating school locations to estimate infiltration indoors. The schools participating in this project were located within a 7-mile radius of Sea-Tac International Airport and within 0.

Within-City Variation in Ambient Carbon Monoxide Concentrations: Leveraging Low-Cost Monitors in a Spatiotemporal Modeling Framework.

Background: Based on human and animal experimental studies, exposure to ambient carbon monoxide (CO) may be associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes, but epidemiological evidence of this link is limited. The number and distribution of ground-level regulatory agency monitors are insufficient to characterize fine-scale variations in CO concentrations.

Objectives: To develop a daily, high-resolution ambient CO exposure prediction model at the city scale.