C3HeB/FeJ mice with chronic complex pulmonary infection exhibit impaired respiratory function but not necrotising granulomatous disease.

Background: complex (MAC) is driving a global rise in pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) characterised by chronic infection, granulomatous inflammation and impaired respiratory function. Better animal models are needed to screen candidate therapies targeting bacteria and immune-mediated tissue injury. The C3HeB/FeJ mouse was previously reported to model necrotic granulomatous lung infection in MAC-PD following infection with a low-dose inoculum of the clinical isolate MAC2285R.

Antimicrobial management of unresectable embolisation agent infection: A case report.

Liquid embolisation agents represent an uncommon but serious site of intracranial infection. Surgical excision of the infected material is typically required to eradicate infection and outcomes are poor in inoperable cases due to recurrent, treatment-refractory ventriculitis. We present our case in whom retained E.

Human mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit replication in clinically relevant models of lung infection.

Introduction: Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can directly inhibit MAC growth, but their effect on intracellular bacilli is unknown. We investigated the ability of human MSCs to reduce bacterial replication and inflammation in MAC-infected macrophages and in a murine model of MAC-PD.

Emerging therapies and respiratory infections: Focus on the impact of immunosuppressants and immunotherapies.

Host defences to infection are based upon an integrated system of physical and biochemical barriers, innate and adaptive immunity. Weakness in any of these defensive elements leads to increased susceptibility to specific pathogens. Understanding how medical therapies disrupt host defences is key to the successful prevention, diagnosis and management of respiratory infection in the immunocompromised host.

pulmonary infection and associated respiratory function in cystic fibrosis-like βENaC mice.

Introduction: Chronic pulmonary infection with () is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Developing an animal model of pulmonary infection, especially under CF conditions, is essential to understanding clinical pulmonary infection. βENaC transgenic mice are known to develop spontaneous CF-like disease characterized by airway mucus obstruction and inflammation.

The utility of 16S rRNA gene sequencing on intraoperative specimens from intracranial infections: an 8-year study in a regional UK neurosurgical unit.

Background: Optimal management of intracranial infections relies on microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial choice, but conventional culture-based testing is limited by pathogen viability and pre-sampling antimicrobial exposure. Broad-range 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been reported in the management of culture-negative infections but its utility in intracranial infection is not well-described. We studied the efficacy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing to inform microbiological diagnosis and antimicrobial choice in intracranial infections.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: an Antimicrobial and Host-Directed Therapy for Complex Infectious Diseases.

There is an urgent need for new antimicrobial strategies for treating complex infections and emerging pathogens. Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells with antimicrobial properties, mediated through direct bactericidal activity and modulation of host innate and adaptive immune cells. More than 30 studies have reported on the use of human MSCs for the treatment of infectious diseases, with many more studies of animal MSCs in same-species models of infection.

Prolonged tedizolid use in cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

Cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are an emerging infectious disease and require a protracted course of combination antibiotics. Antimicrobial choice is limited by resistance and toxicity. Tedizolid is a new oxazolidinone antibiotic with activity against some NTM, but its use in the management of extrapulmonary NTM has not been described.

Emerging drugs for treating the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and catastrophic condition, with a high mortality rate and economic burden on society. Despite 50 years of study, there is no specific pharmacological therapy for ARDS. Areas covered: This review outlines the definitions, epidemiology, risk factors and pathophysiology of ARDS.

The use of high-throughput sequencing to investigate an outbreak of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium with a novel quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance mechanism.

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has successfully identified novel resistance genes in enterococci and determined clonal relatedness in outbreak analysis. We report the use of HTS to investigate two concurrent outbreaks of glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium (GRE) with an uncharacterised resistance mechanism to quinupristin-dalfopristin (QD). Seven QD-resistant and five QD-susceptible GRE isolates from a two-centre outbreak were studied.