Zonal Chemical Signal Pathways Mediating Floral Induction in Apple.

Phytohormones that trigger or repress flower meristem development in apple buds are thought to be locally emitted from adjacent plant tissues, including leaves and fruitlets. The presence of fruitlets is known to inhibit adjacent buds from forming flowers and thus fruits. The resulting absence of fruitlets the following season restores flower-promoting signalling to the new buds.

Correlating Sensory Assessment of Smoke-Tainted Wines with Inter-Laboratory Study Consensus Values for Volatile Phenols.

Vineyard exposure to wildfire smoke can taint grapes and wine. To understand the impact of this taint, it is imperative that the analytical methods used are accurate and precise. This study compared the variance across nine commercial and research laboratories following quantitative analysis of the same set of smoke-tainted wines.

Metabolic Pathways for Observed Impacts of Crop Load on Floral Induction in Apple.

The triggers of biennial bearing are thought to coincide with embryonic development in apple and occurs within the first 70 days after full bloom (DAFB). Strong evidence suggests hormonal signals are perceived by vegetative apple spur buds to induce flowering. The hormonal response is typically referred to as the floral induction (FI) phase in bud meristem development.

Lipid Oxidation and Colour Stability of Lamb and Yearling Meat (Muscle ) from SheepSupplemented with Camelina-Based Diets after Short-,Medium-, and Long-Term Storage.

This study investigated the impact of feeding pelleted diets containing camelina ( L. Crantz) hay (CAHP) or camelina meal (CAMP) as a supplement compared with a control pellet (CONP) diet, without vitamin E fortification. The fatty acid profile, retail colour, and lipid oxidative stability of lamb and yearling meat () stored for short-, medium-, or long-periods (2 days (fresh), 45 days and 90 days) under chilled to semi-frozen conditions were determined.

The Impact of Antioxidant Supplementation and Heat Stress on Carcass Characteristics, Muscle Nutritional Profile and Functionality of Lamb Meat.

The impact of antioxidant supplementation and short-term heat stress on lamb body weight gain, meat nutritional profile and functionality (storage stability of lipids and colour) of lamb meat was investigated. A total of 48 crossbred ((Merino × Border Leicester) × Dorset) lambs (42 ± 2 kg body weight, 7 mo age) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments ( = 16) by liveweight (LW) that differed in dosage of vitamin E and selenium (Se) in the diet. Vitamin E and Se levels in the control (CON), moderate (MOD) and supranutritional (SUP) dietary treatments were 28, 130 and 228 mg/kg DM as α-tocopherol acetate and 0.

Understanding the action of muscle iron concentration on dark cutting: An important aspect affecting consumer confidence of purchasing meat.

We investigated the association of muscle iron concentration, in addition to ultimate pH (pHU), on dark meat formation in sheep of different breeds fed forage-based diets. At 1 h simulated display, redness of meat (a*-value) increased (P < .0001) by about 3 units as the iron concentration increased from 10 to 22 mg/kg of meat, whereas the a*-value decreased by 2 units as pHU increased from 5.

Moisture content, fatty acid profile and oxidative traits of aged beef subjected to different temperature-time combinations.

Temperature-time combinations (TTC) effects on beef fatty acid (FA) composition, moisture content and oxidative traits were investigated. TTC were designed so temperatures were constant over each time period, and there was at most one variation in temperature within a sample's combined (total) time period. Therefore, three temperatures (~ 3, 5 and 7 °C) and five time periods (6, 8, 10 and 12 d) resulted in 72 different TTC, which were compared to control samples held for 14 d at ~ 1 °C.

Interaction of diet and long ageing period on lipid oxidation and colour stability of lamb meat.

Eighty-four crossbred wether and ewe lambs were allocated to four finishing diets. The diets were: Lucerne pasture (n=24), Annual ryegrass with sub clover pasture (n=18), Standard commercial feedlot pellets (n=24) and Annual ryegrass based pasture and commercial feedlot pellets (500g/day/head) (n=18). After 8weeks of feeding the lambs were slaughtered and the m.

Muscle antioxidant (vitamin E) and major fatty acid groups, lipid oxidation and retail colour of meat from lambs fed a roughage based diet with flaxseed or algae.

The effect of feeding flaxseed or algae supplements to lambs on muscle antioxidant potential (vitamin E), major fatty acid groups, lipid oxidation and retail colour was investigated. Lambs (n=120) were randomly allocated to one of 4 dietary treatments according to liveweight and fed the following diets for eight weeks: Annual ryegrass hay [60%]+subterranean clover hay [40%] pellets=Basal diet; Basal diet with flaxseed (10.7%)=Flax; Basal diet with algae (1.

Forms of n-3 (ALA, C18:3n-3 or DHA, C22:6n-3) Fatty Acids Affect Carcass Yield, Blood Lipids, Muscle n-3 Fatty Acids and Liver Gene Expression in Lambs.

The effects of supplementing diets with n-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma metabolites, carcass yield, muscle n-3 fatty acids and liver messenger RNA (mRNA) in lambs were investigated. Lambs (n = 120) were stratified to 12 groups based on body weight (35 ± 3.1 kg), and within groups randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: basal diet (BAS), BAS with 10.

Altered post-mortem metabolism identified in very fast chilled lamb M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum using metabolomic analysis.

The aim of this experiment was to use metabolomic techniques to investigate the energy metabolism in lamb M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum subjected to very fast chilling (VFC) post-mortem. The tissue was prepared by 2 different operators and subjected to very fast chilling (less than 0°C within 1.

Influence of pasture-based feeding systems on fatty acids, organic acids and volatile organic flavour compounds in yoghurt.

The influence of different pasture-based feeding systems on fatty acids, organic acids and volatile organic flavour compounds in yoghurt was studied. Pasture is the main source of nutrients for dairy cows in many parts of the world, including southeast Australia. Milk and milk products produced in these systems are known to contain a number of compounds with positive effects on human health.

Influence of different systems for feeding supplements to grazing dairy cows on milk fatty acid composition.

This study investigated the effects of different strategies for feeding supplements to grazing dairy cows on the proportions of fatty acids in milk. Two hundred and sixteen cows were fed supplementary grain and forage according to one of 3 different strategies; (1) CONTROL: cows grazed perennial ryegrass pasture (14 kg dry matter/d) supplemented with milled barley grain fed in the milking parlour and pasture silage offered in the paddock; (2) Partial mixed ration 1 (PMR1): same pasture allotment and supplement as CONTROL strategy, but the supplements presented as a mixed ration after each milking in feedpad, and; (3) Partial mixed ration 2 (PMR2): same pasture allotment, supplemented with a mixed ration of milled barley grain, alfalfa hay, corn silage and crushed corn grain fed in a feedpad. Within each strategy, cows were assigned to receive either 6, 8, 10 or 12 kg dry matter supplement/cow per d.

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry characterisation of milk polar lipids from dairy cows fed different diets.

Milk polar lipids are an important class of biologically active species for human health and for improving the physical functionality of food ingredients. Milk polar lipids from 144 multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows fed different diets were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS(n)). A complex profile of polar lipids, consisting of 7 species of phosphatidylinositol (PI), 12 species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 18 species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 13 species of sphingomyelin (SM) were identified from the molecular ions and sequential MS(n) fragmentation.