Reduced CDH16 expression is linked to poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma 16.

Objective: Cadherin-16 (CDH16) is a member of the cadherin superfamily which is also termed kidney specific cadherin (ksp-cadherin) because of its preferred expression in the normal kidney where it plays a pivotal role in tubulus formation during embryonal development. However, little is known about the prognostic role of CDH16 in renal cell carcinomas.

Methods And Material: CDH16 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in more than 1,300 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) in a tissue microarray format.

Tumor cell PD-L1 expression is a strong predictor of unfavorable prognosis in immune checkpoint therapy-naive clear cell renal cell cancer.

Background: PD-L1 expression predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but has also been suggested to be linked to poor patient outcome.

Methods: We analyzed PD-L1 in > 1400 RCC in a tissue microarray format by immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with histological tumor type, parameters of cancer aggressiveness, and intratumoral CD8 cytotoxic cells.

Y-chromosome loss is frequent in male renal tumors.

Background: Loss of the Y-chromosome is a common event in different tumor types but its prevalence and clinical relevance in renal cell tumors is still not understood.

Methods: It was the aim of this study to estimate the frequency and clinical relevance of Y-loss in kidney neoplasms. A cohort of 1,252 male renal tumors was analyzed in a tissue microarray format by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH).

Reduced anoctamin 7 (ANO7) expression is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer.

Objective: Anoctamin 7 (ANO7) is a calcium-dependent chloride ion channel protein. Its expression is restricted to prostate epithelial cells. The exact function is unknown.

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancers Lacking TMPRSS2: ERG Fusions.

Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) controls WNT signaling and is thought to play a role for tumor aggressiveness. Here, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancers with pathological, clinical and molecular data by immunohistochemistry. SFRP4 expression was higher in cancer than in non-neoplastic acinar cells.

Chromosome 17p13 deletion is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Deletions of 17p13 recurrently occur in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but their prognostic role seems to be uncertain.

Methods: To determine prevalence, relationship with tumor phenotype, and patient prognosis, a tissue microarray containing samples from 1809 RCCs was evaluated using dual labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 17p13 and chromosome 17 centromere probes.

Results: A 17p13 deletion was found in 72 of 1429 interpretable tumors.

Up regulation of the Hippo signalling effector YAP1 is linked to early biochemical recurrence in prostate cancers.

The transcriptional coactivator YAP1 controls the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. YAP1 overexpression is linked to poor prognosis in many cancer types, yet its role in prostate cancer is unknown. Here, we applied YAP1 immunohistochemistry to a tissue microarray containing 17,747 clinical prostate cancer specimens.

A non-diploid DNA status is linked to poor prognosis in renal cell cancer.

Purpose: DNA ploidy measurement has earlier been suggested as a potentially powerful prognostic tool in many cancer types, but the role in renal tumors is still unclear.

Methods: To clarify its prognostic impact, we analyzed the DNA content of 1320 kidney tumors, including clear cell, papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as renal oncocytoma and compared these data with clinico-pathological parameters and patient prognosis.

Results: A non-diploid DNA content was seen in 37% of 1276 analyzable renal tumors with a striking predominance in chromophobe carcinoma (74.

High level of EZH2 expression is linked to high density of CD8-positive T-lymphocytes and an aggressive phenotype in renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic part of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), has a prognostic role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and was recently shown to modulate the immune response by reducing tumor cell immunogenicity.

Methods: To investigate whether the prognostic role of EZH2 might be driven by a modified immune environment, more than 1800 RCCs were analyzed in a tissue microarray for EZH2 expression and CD8 positive lymphocytes were quantitated by automated digital imaging.

Results: EZH2 positivity was found in 75.

Chromosomal deletion of 9p21 is linked to poor patient prognosis in papillary and clear cell kidney cancer.

Background: The ongoing approval of adjuvant systemic therapy in high-risk kidney tumor will increase the demand for prognostic assessment in these tumors. 9p21 deletion has been suggested as a possible prognostic feature in clear cell kidney cancer.

Material And Methods: To learn more on the prognostic relevance of 9p21 deletions in clear cell and other kidney tumors, 1,809 kidney tumor specimens were analyzed by dual-labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for 9p21 and centromere 9 in a tissue microarray format.

Prevalence and clinical significance of VHL mutations and 3p25 deletions in renal tumor subtypes.

Purpose: To evaluate prevalence and clinical impact of VHL mutations and deletions (3p), a cohort of consecutive kidney tumors was analyzed by DNA sequencing and fluorescence hybridization (FISH).

Patients And Methods: The study includes 1,805 patients with renal tumors who were surgically treated at the Department of Urology at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 1994 and 2015. The cohort included 1,176 clear cell, 270 papillary, 101 chromophobe, and 28 clear cell (tubulo) papillary cancers, as well as 149 oncocytomas and 81 less common subtypes.

8p deletions in renal cell carcinoma are associated with unfavorable tumor features and poor overall survival.

Background And Methods: 8p deletions are common in renal cell carcinoma. To study their prognostic impact and association with kidney cancer phenotype, a tissue microarray with 1,809 cancers was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for 8p21 copy numbers.

Results: One thousand four hundred and seventy four interpretable tumors showed substantial differences between renal cancer subtypes.

Claudin-1 upregulation is associated with favorable tumor features and a reduced risk for biochemical recurrence in ERG-positive prostate cancer.

Background: Claudin-1 is a membrane-tight junction protein and important for the sealing of the paracellular cleft in epithelial and endothelial cells. Differential expression of Claudin-1 is linked to disease outcome in various cancers.

Material And Methods: To evaluate the potential relevance of Claudin-1 expression in prostate cancer, a tissue microarray containing samples of 17,747 tumors with annotated clinico-pathological and molecular data was immunohistochemically analyzed for Claudin-1 expression.

A nuclear shift of GSK3β protein is an independent prognostic factor in prostate cancer.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) regulates many cancer relevant cellular processes and represents a potential therapeutic target. GSK3ß overexpression has been linked to adverse tumor features in many cancers, but its role in prostate cancer remains uncertain. We employed immunohistochemical GSK3ß expression analysis on a tissue microarray with 12,427 prostate cancers.

Aberrant expression of membranous carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is associated with unfavorable disease course in papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) are often part of immunohistochemical panels used to assist renal cell cancer (RCC) subtyping. This study was undertaken to determine, whether assessing CAIX expression levels could provide additional prognostic information.

Methods And Materials: More than 1,800 RCCs were analyzed in a tissue microarray (TMA) format for CAIX expression.

Bone Scan Index as an Imaging Biomarker in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Multicentre Study Based on Patients Treated with Abiraterone Acetate (Zytiga) in Clinical Practice.

Background: Abiraterone acetate (AA) prolongs survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. To measure treatment response accurately in bone, quantitative methods are needed. The Bone Scan Index (BSI), a prognostic imaging biomarker, reflects the tumour burden in bone as a percentage of the total skeletal mass calculated from bone scintigraphy.

βIII-tubulin overexpression is linked to aggressive tumor features and genetic instability in urinary bladder cancer.

Development of genetic instability is a hallmark of tumor progression. Type III β-tubulin (TUBB3) is a component of microtubules involved in chromosome segregation. Its overexpression has been linked to adverse features of urinary bladder cancer.

Recurrent deletion of 3p13 targets multiple tumour suppressor genes and defines a distinct subgroup of aggressive ERG fusion-positive prostate cancers.

Deletion of 3p13 has been reported from about 20% of prostate cancers. The clinical significance of this alteration and the tumour suppressor gene(s) driving the deletion remain to be identified. We have mapped the 3p13 deletion locus using SNP array analysis and performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to search for associations between 3p13 deletion, prostate cancer phenotype and patient prognosis in a tissue microarray containing more than 3200 prostate cancers.