Experimental Investigation on the Pyrolysis and Conversion Characteristics of Organic-Rich Shale by Supercritical Water.

Organic-rich shale oil reservoirs with low-medium maturity have attracted increasing attention because of their enormous oil and gas potential. In this work, a series of experiments on pyrolysis of the particle and core samples were carried out in a self-made supercritical water pyrolysis apparatus to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of supercritical water in promoting the transformation efficiency and oil yield of the low-medium maturity organic-rich shale. Core samples had a mass loss of 8.

Analyzing the promoters of two CYP9A genes in the silkworm Bombyx mori by dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are widespread proteins that interact with exogenous chemicals from the diet or the environment. CYP9A subfamily genes are important in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We previously reported transcriptional levels of two CYP9A genes in different tissues and their responses to sodium fluoride (NaF).

Analysis of reference gene expression for real-time PCR based on relative quantitation and dual spike-in strategy in the silkworm Bombyx mori.

In general, for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), normalization strategies use a reference gene as a control and to avoid the introduction of experimental errors expression of this gene should not vary in response to changing conditions. However, the expression of many reference genes has been reported to vary considerably and, without appropriate normalization, the expression profile of a target gene can be misinterpreted. In this study, the expression levels of seven commonly used reference genes (ACT, GAPDH, 28srRNA, RPL3, α-tubulin, UBC, and TBP) were detected at different development time points and in response to treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and with rutin.