Risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following pars plana vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole and epiretinal membrane in pseudophakic eyes.

Purpose: To estimate the risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) or epiretinal membrane (ERM) in pseudophakic eyes.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide Danish registry-based cohort study from 2010 to 2023. Eyes entered the study at phacoemulsification surgery (age ≥ 50) and were followed until outcome (RRD), exposure (PPV), or censoring (death, end of study, or competing events).

The burden of somatic comorbidities in patients surviving a traumatic brain injury.

Background: The long-term development of somatic comorbidities in patients surviving a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may contribute to both the individual and public health burden; however, a systematic investigation has not yet been undertaken.

Methods: We investigated the long-term burden of somatic comorbidities in patients surviving a TBI. We included all Danish residents (≥ 18.

Length of Stay as a Predictor of Long-Term Mortality in Patients Surviving a Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide TBI Cohort Study of 153 177 Adults.

Objective: Our aim was to explore the length of stay (LOS) as a predictor of long-term mortality in patients surviving a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objectives were to (1) establish TBI length of stay (LOS)-based groups empirically, (2) assess their accuracy in predicting death, and (3) compare the long-term risk of death between the LOS-based groups and non-TBI controls (Controls).

Participants: Patients (≥18.

Taurolidine lock reduces recurrent catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with chronic intestinal failure: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in a real-world clinical setting.

Background & Aims: Recurrent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a frequent, severe, and costly complication of home parenteral support (HPS) in patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF). While taurolidine-containing catheter locks have shown potential in preventing CRBSIs, real-world data on their effectiveness in reducing recurrent infections remain limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a 1.

10-Year Outcome of Complete or Infarct Artery-Only Revascularization in STEMI With Multivessel Disease: The DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI Study.

Background: The long-term outcomes of complete revascularization in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease is unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the 10-year clinical outcomes including repeated events of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided complete revascularization vs treatment of the infarct-related artery only in STEMI.

Methods: This 10-year follow-up study of DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI (Third DANish Study of Optimal Acute Treatment of Patients With STEMI-Complete Revascularization versus Infarct-Related Artery Only) included patients with STEMI and ≥1 angiographically significant non-infarct-related lesion, randomized to FFR-guided complete revascularization or infarct-related artery only after the index procedure.

Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Danish Nationwide Evidence.

Long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) in children, but the evidence in adults is still mixed and sparse. We aimed to examine the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incident ALRIs in adults. We followed all Danish residents aged ≥30 years ( = 3,083,227) for the first-ever hospital contact (inpatient, outpatient, or emergency) for ALRIs (and pneumonia or influenza separately) from 2000 to 2018.

Clinical characteristics, life adversities and personality traits as predictors of onset or recurrence of affective episodes. A seven-year follow-up study in monozygotic twins.

Introduction: This study investigated whether having a familial risk of affective disorders, subclinical psychopathology, functioning, personality traits, stressful life events, and childhood trauma predict the onset or recurrence of affective episodes.

Method: The present study is a 7-year follow-up study of a baseline sample of 204 monozygotic twins (MZ) with unipolar or bipolar disorder in remission or partial remission (affected), their unaffected co-twins (high-risk), and healthy twins with no personal or familial history of affective disorder (low-risk).

Results: During the 7.

Socioeconomic characteristics and relapse-free and overall survival from childhood cancer - a nationwide study based on data from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry.

Background And Purpose: Over the past decades, childhood cancer survival has increased substantially in Europe, including Denmark. However, families with fewer social resources may have benefitted less from these improvements. In this nationwide register-based study, we assessed associations between parental socioeconomic position (SEP) and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in childhood cancer patients.

Efficient estimation of the marginal mean of recurrent events in randomized controlled trials.

Recurrent events data are often encountered in biomedical settings, where individuals may also experience a terminal event such as death. A useful estimand to summarize such data is the marginal mean of the cumulative number of recurrent events up to a specific time horizon, allowing also for the possible presence of a terminal event. Recently, it was found that augmented estimators can estimate this quantity efficiently, providing improved inference.

Development and validation of the Crohn's disease-intestinal failure-wean (CDIF-Wean) Score to predict outcomes of intestinal rehabilitation.

Background & Aims: Enteral autonomy, a key outcome of intestinal rehabilitation in patients with intestinal failure (IF), is challenging to predict due to disease complexity and heterogeneity. The aim of this cohort study is to develop and validate a multivariate model to predict enteral autonomy in patients with IF caused by Crohn's disease (CDIF), and to derive an outcome-based severity classification for CDIF.

Methods: The CDIF-Wean Score was constructed and internally validated in a cohort of 182 patients with CDIF from a tertiary IF unit.

A Principled Approach to Adjust for Unmeasured Time-Stable Confounding of Supervised Treatment.

We propose a novel method to adjust for unmeasured time-stable confounding when the time between consecutive treatment administrations is fixed. We achieve this by focusing on a new-user cohort. Furthermore, we envisage that all time-stable confounding goes through the potential time on treatment as dictated by the disease condition at the initiation of treatment.

Sagittal Knee Gait Changes After Medial Unicompartmental and Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Exploratory Analysis of 32 Patients.

Background: This study aimed to investigate postoperative developments of sagittal knee gait in a population of knee arthroplasty patients randomized to either unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty. We hypothesized that knee arthroplasty patients develop greater walking speeds, range of motion, sagittal knee angle velocities, and sagittal knee angle accelerations.

Methods: Thirty-two patients were recruited from a randomized trial comparing the two implant types.

Effect modification between HLA-F and CD56 markers reveals differences in survival for triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is usually aggressive and challenging to treat. With high tumour immunogenicity TNBC patients might benefit from immunotherapy. We evaluated heterogeneous immune profiles of individual tumours in relation to clinical development to identify immune markers and their mutual expression.

The Natural History of Crohn's Disease Leading to Intestinal Failure: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from 1973 to 2018.

Background And Aims: The natural history of Crohn's disease leading to intestinal failure is not well characterised. This study aims to describe the clinical course of Crohn's disease preceding intestinal failure and to compare disease course and burden between Crohn's disease patients with and without intestinal failure.

Methods: Patients with Crohn's disease complicated by intestinal failure from Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen [n = 182] and a nationwide Danish Crohn's disease cohort without intestinal failure [n = 22,845] were included.

Propensity weighting plus adjustment in proportional hazards model is not doubly robust.

Recently, it has become common for applied works to combine commonly used survival analysis modeling methods, such as the multivariable Cox model and propensity score weighting, with the intention of forming a doubly robust estimator of an exposure effect hazard ratio that is unbiased in large samples when either the Cox model or the propensity score model is correctly specified. This combination does not, in general, produce a doubly robust estimator, even after regression standardization, when there is truly a causal effect. We demonstrate via simulation this lack of double robustness for the semiparametric Cox model, the Weibull proportional hazards model, and a simple proportional hazards flexible parametric model, with both the latter models fit via maximum likelihood.

APOE Genotype, ApoE Plasma Levels, Lipid Metabolism, and Cognition in Monozygotic Twins with, at Risk of, and without Affective Disorders.

: Lipids influence brain function and mental health. Understanding the role of apolipoproteins in affective disorders could provide valuable insights and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. We examined the apolipoprotein E genotype and ApoE-levels, lipid profiles, and the correlation with cognition in 204 monozygotic (MZ) twins with unipolar or bipolar disorder in remission or partial remission (affected, AT), their unaffected co-twins (high-risk, HR), and twins with no personal or family history of affective disorder (low-risk, LR).

Simulation-based sample size calculations of marginal proportional means models for recurrent events with competing risks.

In randomised controlled trials, the outcome of interest could be recurrent events, such as hospitalisations for heart failure. If mortality rates are non-negligible, both recurrent events and competing terminal events need to be addressed when formulating the estimand and statistical analysis is no longer trivial. In order to design future trials with primary recurrent event endpoints with competing risks, it is necessary to be able to perform power calculations to determine sample sizes.

Unbiased and efficient estimation of causal treatment effects in crossover trials.

We introduce causal inference reasoning to crossover trials, with a focus on thorough QT (TQT) studies. For such trials, we propose different sets of assumptions and consider their impact on the modeling strategy and estimation procedure. We show that unbiased estimates of a causal treatment effect are obtained by a g-computation approach in combination with weighted least squares predictions from a working regression model.

Prediction of herpes virus infections after solid organ transplantation: a prospective study of immune function.

Introduction: Herpes virus infections are a major concern after solid organ transplantation and linked to the immune function of the recipient. We aimed to determine the incidence of positive herpes virus (cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1/2 (HSV-1/2), and varicella zoster virus (VZV)) PCR tests during the first year post-transplantation and assess whether a model including immune function pre-transplantation and three months post-transplantation could predict a subsequent positive herpes virus PCR.

Methods: All participants were preemptively screened for CMV, and EBV IgG-negative participants were screened for EBV during the first year post-transplantation.

Charge-to-spin conversion in fully epitaxial Ru/Cu hybrid nanolayers with interface control.

The demonstration of the charge-to-spin conversion, especially with enhanced spin Hall conductivity, is crucial for the development of energy-efficient spintronic devices such as spin-orbit torque (SOT) based magnetoresistive random access memories. In this work, fully epitaxial Ru/Cu heterostructures were fabricated with interface engineering and nanolayer insertions consisting of Cu (1 nm)/Ru (1 nm) structures with different numbers of periods. The atomically controlled interface was confirmed by the high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the epitaxial relationship persists even in the hybrid nanolayer insertion structures.

Weight change during the first week of life and a new method for retrospective prediction of birthweight among exclusively breastfed newborns.

Introduction: Identification of low birthweight and small for gestational age is pivotal in clinical management and many research studies, but in low-income countries, birthweight is often unavailable within 24 h of birth. Newborn weights measured within days after birth and knowledge of the growth patterns in the first week of life can help estimate the weight at birth retrospectively. This study aimed to generate sex-specific prediction maps and weight reference charts for the retrospective estimation of birthweight for exclusively breastfed newborns in a low-resource setting.

Sampling in the case-time-control design among drug users when outcome prevents further treatment.

Purpose: The objective of this article is to advocate a new way of sampling controls in the case-time-control design in a cohort of drug users when the studied outcome prevents further treatment.

Methods: Mathematically we demonstrate how a standard sampling of controls, where controls are sampled among all subjects without an event at end-of-study, leads to a biased effect estimate. We propose to add the requirement that controls initiate treatment before the calendar time of event of their matched case to circumvent this.

Bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients: results from a Danish cohort with nationwide follow-up.

Objectives: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are prevalent after solid organ transplantation (SOT). In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for BSI in the first 5 years post-transplantation.

Methods: The study included 1322 SOT (kidney, liver, lung and heart) recipients transplanted from 2010 to 2017 with a total of 5616 years of follow-up.