Marker-trait association mapping for perpetual flowering habit in an octoploid ancestral strawberry, Fragaria virginiana.

Cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa (Duch.) is an economically important small fruit. Flowering habit is a key trait of interest in cultivar development and agricultural production.

The Genome of Chenopodium ficifolium: Developing Genetic Resources and a Diploid Model System for Allotetraploid Quinoa.

High-quality nuclear, chloroplast, and preliminary mitochondrial genomes have been assembled and annotated for the B-genome diploid (BB: 2n = 2x = 18) figleaf goosefoot (Chenopodium ficifolium). The primary objective was to advance a simplified model system for genetic characterization and improvement of allotetraploid (AABB: 2n = 4x = 36) quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a nutritionally valuable, halophytic orphan crop. In addition to its diploidy and favorably small genome size, the C.

Defining the mutation sites in chickpea nodulation mutants PM233 and PM405.

Background: Like most legumes, chickpeas form specialized organs called root nodules. These nodules allow for a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium bacteria. The rhizobia provide fixed atmospheric nitrogen to the plant in a usable form.

Developing Chenopodium ficifolium as a potential B genome diploid model system for genetic characterization and improvement of allotetraploid quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa).

Background: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a high-value grain known for its excellent nutritional balance. It is an allotetraploid species (AABB, 2n = 4x = 36) formed by the hybridization between AA and BB genome diploid (2n = 2x = 18) species. This study reports genetic studies in Chenopodium ficifolium as a potential B genome diploid model system to simplify the genetic studies of quinoa including gene identification and marker-assisted breeding.

Evaluation of Disease Severity and Molecular Relationships Between Isolates on Species in New Hampshire.

Quinoa is a potential new crop for New England; however, its susceptibility to downy mildew, caused by , is a key obstacle for cultivation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate differential resistance within the genus, identify novel sources of resistance for use in future genetic studies or breeding programs, and investigate phylogenetic relationships of isolates from different hosts. The long-term goal of this research is to develop a resistant variety of quinoa to be grown in New England.

Corrigendum: Editorial: Wild Plants as Source of New Crops.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.

RosBREED: bridging the chasm between discovery and application to enable DNA-informed breeding in rosaceous crops.

The Rosaceae crop family (including almond, apple, apricot, blackberry, peach, pear, plum, raspberry, rose, strawberry, sweet cherry, and sour cherry) provides vital contributions to human well-being and is economically significant across the U.S. In 2003, industry stakeholder initiatives prioritized the utilization of genomics, genetics, and breeding to develop new cultivars exhibiting both disease resistance and superior horticultural quality.

A pentaploid-based linkage map of the ancestral octoploid strawberry reveals instances of sporadic hyper-recombination.

The first high-resolution genetic linkage map of the ancestral octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) strawberry species, , was constructed using segregation data obtained from a pentaploid progeny population. This novel mapping population of size 178 was generated by crossing highly heterozygous hybrid "LB48" as a paternal parent with diploid (2n = 2x = 14) "Hawaii 4". The LB48 linkage map comprises 6055 markers genotyped on the Axiom® IStraw90 strawberry SNP array.

XTHs from Fragaria vesca: genomic structure and transcriptomic analysis in ripening fruit and other tissues.

Background: Fragaria vesca or 'woodland strawberry' has emerged as an attractive model for the study of ripening of non-climacteric fruit. It has several advantages, such as its small genome and its diploidy. The recent availability of the complete sequence of its genome opens the possibility for further analysis and its use as a reference species.

A New Perspective on Polyploid Fragaria (Strawberry) Genome Composition Based on Large-Scale, Multi-Locus Phylogenetic Analysis.

The subgenomic compositions of the octoploid (2n = 8× = 56) strawberry (Fragaria) species, including the economically important cultivated species Fragaria x ananassa, have been a topic of long-standing interest. Phylogenomic approaches utilizing next-generation sequencing technologies offer a new window into species relationships and the subgenomic compositions of polyploids. We have conducted a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of Fragaria (strawberry) species using the Fluidigm Access Array system and 454 sequencing platform.

A High-Density Linkage Map of the Ancestral Diploid Strawberry, , Constructed with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers from the IStraw90 Array and Genotyping by Sequencing.

Makino is recognized as an ancestor of the octoploid strawberry species, which includes the cultivated strawberry, × Duchesne ex Rozier. Here we report the construction of the first high-density linkage map for . The linkage map (Fii map) is based on two high-throughput techniques of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping: the IStraw90 Array (hereafter "Array"), and genotyping by sequencing (GBS).

Insight into octoploid strawberry (Fragaria) subgenome composition revealed by GISH analysis of pentaploid hybrids.

As the product of interspecific hybridization between its two ancestral octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) species (Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana), the cultivated strawberry (F. ×ananassa) is among the most genomically complex of crop plants, harboring subgenomic components derived from as many as four different diploid ancestors.

Development and preliminary evaluation of a 90 K Axiom® SNP array for the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa.

Background: A high-throughput genotyping platform is needed to enable marker-assisted breeding in the allo-octoploid cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. Short-read sequences from one diploid and 19 octoploid accessions were aligned to the diploid Fragaria vesca 'Hawaii 4' reference genome to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels for incorporation into a 90 K Affymetrix® Axiom® array. We report the development and preliminary evaluation of this array.

A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Fragaria (strawberry) using intron-containing sequence from the ADH-1 gene.

The genus Fragaria encompasses species at ploidy levels ranging from diploid to decaploid. The cultivated strawberry, Fragaria×ananassa, and its two immediate progenitors, F. chiloensis and F.

Somatic embryogenesis, tetraploidy, and variant leaf morphology in transgenic diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca subspecies vesca 'Hawaii 4').

Background: The diploid (2n = 2x = 14) strawberry model plant Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca 'Hawaii 4' was employed for functional analysis of expressed DNA sequences initially identified as being unique to Fragaria and of unknown or poorly understood function. 'Hawaii 4' is prominent in strawberry research due to its ease of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regenerability, and its status as the source of the first complete strawberry genomic sequence.

Conservation and loss of ribosomal RNA gene sites in diploid and polyploid Fragaria (Rosaceae).

Background: The genus Fragaria comprises species at ploidy levels ranging from diploid (2n = 2x = 14) to decaploid (2n = 10x = 70). Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S and 25S rDNA probes was performed to gather cytogenetic information that illuminates genomic divergence among different taxa at multiple ploidy levels, as well as to explore the evolution of ribosomal RNA genes during polyploidization in Fragaria.

Results: Root tip cells of diploid taxa were typified by two 5S and six 25S rDNA hybridization signals of varying intensities, providing a baseline for comparisons within the genus.

A strawberry KNOX gene regulates leaf, flower and meristem architecture.

The KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN (KNOX) genes play a central role in maintenance of the shoot apical meristem. They also contribute to the morphology of simple and compound leaves. In this report we characterize the FaKNOX1 gene from strawberry (Fragaria spp.

The genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca).

The woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca (2n = 2x = 14), is a versatile experimental plant system. This diminutive herbaceous perennial has a small genome (240 Mb), is amenable to genetic transformation and shares substantial sequence identity with the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and other economically important rosaceous plants. Here we report the draft F.

An examination of targeted gene neighborhoods in strawberry.

Background: Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is the familiar name of a group of economically important crop plants and wild relatives that also represent an emerging system for the study of gene and genome evolution. Its small stature, rapid seed-to-seed cycle, transformability and miniscule basic genome make strawberry an attractive system to study processes related to plant physiology, development and crop production; yet it lacks substantial genomics-level resources.

An enhanced method for sequence walking and paralog mining: TOPO(R) Vector-Ligation PCR.

Background: Although technological advances allow for the economical acquisition of whole genome sequences, many organisms' genomes remain unsequenced, and fully sequenced genomes may contain gaps. Researchers reliant upon partial genomic or heterologous sequence information require methods for obtaining unknown sequences from loci of interest. Various PCR based techniques are available for sequence walking - i.

Human organ/tissue growth algorithms that include obese individuals and black/white population organ weight similarities from autopsy data.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models need the correct organ/tissue weights to match various total body weights in order to be applied to children and the obese individual. Baseline data from Reference Man for the growth of human organs (adrenals, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, thymus, and thyroid) were augmented with autopsy data to extend the describing polynomials to include the morbidly obese individual (up to 250 kg). Additional literature data similarly extends the growth curves for blood volume, muscle, skin, and adipose tissue.

Multiple models for Rosaceae genomics.

The plant family Rosaceae consists of over 100 genera and 3,000 species that include many important fruit, nut, ornamental, and wood crops. Members of this family provide high-value nutritional foods and contribute desirable aesthetic and industrial products. Most rosaceous crops have been enhanced by human intervention through sexual hybridization, asexual propagation, and genetic improvement since ancient times, 4,000 to 5,000 B.

Prospective evaluation of pain relief in 100 patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty: results and follow-up.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and durability of percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of back pain associated with vertebral body compression fractures.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients (79 women, 21 men; mean age, 73.7 y) underwent 156 percutaneous injections of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into a vertebra (68 thoracic and 88 lumbar) under fluoroscopic guidance over a 35-month period.